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Last Updated
03/31/2019
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Detailed entries for one subject from the INDEX TO HOW TO DO IT INFORMATION. |
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SIGNAL GENERATOR sa FREQUENCY CALIBRATION sa NOISE GENERATOR sa OSCILLATOR sa PULSE GENERATOR sa SIGNAL INJECTOR sa TONE GENERATOR sa VIDEO SIGNAL GENERATOR sa VOLTAGE & CURRENT CALIBRATION x FUNCTION GENERATOR x GENERATOR (SIGNAL) x WAVEFORM GENERATOR xx ELECTRONIC TESTING xx OSCILLATOR Greening of the IG-18. Upgrading the Heathkit Model IG-18 sine and square wave audio generator to a laboratory-grade instrument. Report on assembling the ASG-200 audio sweep generator kit from Phase Corp. Measuring a component's frequency response. Looks at four common sources of error. Includes a basic set-up for using a calibrated attenuator or "gain set" method of measuring frequency response. Morrey's super oscillator. Reducing Heath's IG-18 distortion to 0.0008. Modification of the SWTP (Southwest Technical Products) FG-2 function generator to overcome the tendency to break into high-frequency oscillation at lower settings of the level control. Report on assembling and using the Heath IG-1272 audio generator kit. Test report and construction tips for the Heath Company Model IG-1275 Lin / Log Sweep Generator. A solid state function generator producing the basic waveforms (sine, square, triangle) over a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes. A timerless tone burst generator. An audio measuring system. Part 1. Sorcerer's Apprentice. Build an electronically swept signal generator that outputs triangle wave, warble tone, tone bursts, sine wave sweep, and amplitude modulation. An audio measuring system. Part 2. Paul Bunyan. Circuit for a logarithmic (decibel) amplifier that is completely self-contained and may be used with any sweep generator. Wave squarer. A circuit generates square waves from a fixed frequency signal source. Can be set for any division ratio from 1 to 999. Build an audio sweep marker adder. Mark specific frequencies on an audio sweep generator with this system that operates independently from the rate and range controls. Two new timerless tone burst generators. An intermediate design and a final design result in completely independent on and off times which can be set for any length between 1 and 888 cycles. (An improved design over the tone burst generator featured in the 2/1980 issue). Modifying the Morrey and other Heath IG-18 (IG-5218) sine/square oscillators. Digital readout accessory for the Heath IG-1275 LIN/LOG sweep generator. Refurbishing HeathKit's IG-72 sine wave audio generator. Assembling and installing the function-generator kit from DC Electronics (Scottsdale AZ). Produces sine, square, and triangular waveforms at a low power level. Suitable for driving a power amp over a wide frequency range, above, through, and below the audio range. Est. cost: $40. Walsh functions: A digital Fourier series. Circuits which can create wave forms as the sum of pure sine and cosine waves can be expanded to build more complex waveforms out of digital waveforms with sharp edges. Circuit for a 1-Hz signal source that uses the National Semiconductor 5368 chip and a crystal. Lab-grade function generator. Full-featured 1-Hz to 250-kHz project features CMOS/TTL compatibility, FM sweep input, low distortion, and a power-amplifier output to drive 50-ohm loads to the usual sine-wave, triangle-wave and square-wave outputs. Est. cost: $50. Computer-controlled frequency synthesizer covers a range from 1-Hz to 10-MHz in 1-Hz increments. Est. cost: $50. Experimenting with Motorola's 68HC11 true single-chip computer. Part 7. SBC (single-board computer) applications (continued). A look at MAG-11's input-capture feature and how to use it to make an accurate binary-display thermometer. Also details using interrupts to generate square waves and producing computer music. Generating square waves with any frequency and duty cycle. Circuits which use the 555-timer IC operating in the astable mode. A programmable function generator covers from 20 to 100,000 Hz with an accuracy of 0.005%. Produces sine, square and triangle wave forms. This voltage-controlled oscillator circuit with RAMs will synthesize any waveshape you can imagine without using complex filters. Circuit for a junk-box square wave generator covering from .0001 Hz to 100 kHz. Antenna accessories for the ham shack. Part 7. R.F. signal generator, frequency counter, absorption wavemeter, frequency meter, and Lecher wires. How to build a practical function generator (waveform generator). Uses the ICL 8038 integrated circuit. Has a range of 10 Hz to 100 kHz. Simple microphone interface. Used to connect an electret microphone to an HF transceiver. Also includes a simple audio oscillator circuit that will produce a good sinewave signal for transmitter test or tune-up. Two-tone audio generator circuit for SSB transmitter testing produces a 697 and 1477 waveform. Simple sine-wave generator circuit powered by a 9-volt battery. Digital sinewave synthesizer has a frequency range of 1 Hz to 524.287 kHz with a resolution of 1 Hz over the complete range. Est. cost: $70. Double the frequency of any sinewave from 10 Hz to more than 50 MHz with this small module that can be permanently installed in almost any signal generator or used as an outboard module. Est. cost: $50 (kit). Precision audio signals from your PC. Build this computer-controlled audio generator that delivers square waves up to 4800 hertz with an accuracy of 0.1% or better. The unit attaches to a serial port of a computer and uses a simple BASIC language program. Est. cost: $10. Frequency response tester. Lets you view the frequency response of almost any audio gadget on an oscilloscope when used along with a function-generator to form the equivalent of a "frequency-sweep generator". Getting started in surface mount technology. (1) Dual LED flasher circuit. (2) Tone burst circuit. Making square waves at home. A variety of simple square-wave generator circuits. A 1-transistor pocket-size audio generator. A 6X audio generator that goes from 20 to 200,000 cycles in fixed steps. Square wave generator uses integrated circuit. Crystal-controlled SW signal generator. A shortwave band signal generator covering 1 to 20 megacycles on fundamental. Uses parallel-resonant crystals for exact frequency control. Free-power square-wave generator for audio testing. Plugs into the output of any audio sine-wave generator. Waves from 10 cps to 500 kc. How to turn a junked TV into a signal generator. Six usable output signals are tuner, video, vertical plate, horizontal grid and horizontal plate. Turn a service-grade audio generator into a professional instrument by adding this audio microvolter, a device that gives a generator both output metering and a calibrated output level. Battery-powered sine-wave generator circuit. Simple triangle-wave generator circuit uses 3 inverters and some passive components. Wave shaping. Learn the basics of waveform generation and shaping with bipolar transistor circuits that you can build. Includes circuits for multivibrators, schmitt trigger, pulse generator, etc. Simple ultra-low-distortion 1-kHz sinewave generator circuit uses an incandescent light bulb as the automatic gain control (AGC) loop. PC-based RF (radio frequency) signal generator. Can also function as a tracking generator for some spectrum analyzers. Either installs in an 8-bit slot on the PC bus or can be interfaced to a parallel port. Frequency range is 4 to 2100 MHz. Est. cost (kit): $775. Part 1. Build the Audio Wizard function generator. Produce sine, triangle, and square waves in two ranges at frequencies from 1 hertz to 20 kilohertz. Est. cost: $175. PC-based RF (radio frequency) signal generator. Part 2. Construction tips and parts list. Fun with function generators. Couple a function generator to an oscilloscope to form a versatile instrumentation set for testing systems and components. Sweep/function generator. Build this sweep generator to create sine, triangle, and square waves. Also provides a horizontal sweep for an oscilloscope. Programmable sinewave generator is controlled by the parallel port of a PC or laptop computer. Est. cost: $65 (kit). Build this computer-controlled audio signal generator. A simple BASIC program uses the serial port to control the generator. Delivers frequencies as high as 4800 hertz with an accuracy of 0.1% or better. Est. cost: $10. Review of standard methods for generating sinewaves plus a new algorithm for generating digital sinewaves. An explanation of the concept of "duty cycle" and "frequency" as they apply to a waveform signal generator. Includes simple circuits. Bench top digital function generator produces square, sine, and triangular waves from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. Costs a fraction of the price of a commercial unit. Waveform generator circuits. Learn about waveform generation with synthesizers, integrated-circuit function generators, and LC oscillators. How to apply that knowledge to your projects. Waveform generator circuits. Learn how to generate square and rectangular waves for timing, communication, and control. How to apply that knowledge to your circuit designs. Four essential test instruments. DC power supplies, function generators, bench digital multimeters, and frequency counters. An examination of their applications and key features. Build your own audio test gear. Five pieces of test gear, plus how and why they are used. (1) Audio signal generator. (2) Audio voltmeter. (3) Simple LED oscilloscope. (4) Distortion analyzer. (5) Wow-and-flutter meter. Part 1. An overview. Build your own audio test gear. Part 2. Wien-bridge audio generator. This oscillator circuit generates four basic frequencies and uses them to cover the entire audio band (20-20,000 Hz). Est. cost: $110 (kit). An overall look at the concept. Build the D.I.Y. function generator. Designed to operate on one 9-volt battery with low current draw. Provides square, triangle and smooth waves over a frequency range of 10 Hz to 100kHz. Output swing limited to +/- 1.5 volts. Build your own audio test gear. Part 3. Wien-bridge audio generator (continued). Project construction. Build your own audio test gear. Part 4. Wien-bridge audio generator (continued). Setup and alignment. Square-wave generator uses only two transistors. Has 50 cps or 10 kc output. Shaping different waveforms by passing a square-wave through an RC network. Square-wave testing. Using the square-wave to test an overall system. Circuit for a low-cost, general purpose multivibrator which can operate from 30 Hz to 100Hz with a good square-wave output. A discussion of the advantages of saw-tooth waveform of audio amplifiers, plus the circuit for a saw-tooth generator. Audio calibrator for transistor amplifiers. Two transistors circuit provides accurately calibrated signal from 0.5 to 100 mv at low impedance. For checking gain and distortion of sensitive transistor amplifiers. High-quality square-wave generator uses novel design to produce perfect symmetry fast rise and fall time square-waves covering 20 to 20,000 Hz using only a single-turn frequency control. Neutralizing the Cascode amplifier. Using a conventional generator instead of a noise generator to adjust this widely used front end circuit for minimum noise within its passband. Hand-held signal generator with a frequency continuously variable from 600 to 1200 Hz, with a maximum amplitude of 0.5 volts peak-to-peak. Sine-wave generator utilizes unijunction transistors. Circuit to improve the linearity of a unijunction transistor sawtooth-wave generator. Dual-rate sawtooth generator circuit uses unijunction transistors. IC sine-wave clipper produces clean, symmetrical square waves from 20 to 100,000 Hz. How to find R.M.S. (root-mean-square) values of a current or voltage wave-form graphically. Triangular-waveform generator from a sawtooth wave. Sine-sweep generator for R.F./I.F. testing. Design of very slow sweep driver circuit. Accurate square-wave audio generator will supply continuously variable output up to 1 volt into an impedance as low as 9 ohms. Est. cost: $25. Step-by-step designing of a versatile sine-wave audio oscillator. Accurate audio frequency generator provides resettable sine-wave audio signals. Uses inexpensive integrated circuits and transistors. The use of a unijunction transistor with a VTVM or oscilloscope permits accurate visualization of RC constants. Audio-signal generator to modulate hand-held citizens band walkie-talkies so they can be tuned for maximum milliwatt range. Est. cost: $5. Sweep generator for superhet AM receivers provide basic IF frequencies of 455 or 1650 kHz. Observe response curves on an oscilloscope. Square-wave generator produces clean waveforms, without overshoot, excessive rise, ringing or undershoot. Frequency range of 1 Hz to 100 KHz. Est. cost: $25. Gen-Trace, a beginner's IC project. A troubleshooting test unit that is both a broad-band signal generator (1000 Hz square wave with harmonics beyond 100 MHz) and audio signal tracer (maximum gain of 50 dB). Plastic pill bottle holds a transistorized RC amplifier and probe usable as a continuity tester and signal generator. Make frequency measurements quickly and accurately using an inexpensive oscilloscope and a frequency source like an audio oscillator or signal generator. E.E. basic course in electricity and electronics. How signal generators work. E.E. basic course in electricity and electronics. How to use signal generators. Full range audio generator. Delivers variable and fixed outputs of sinusoidal waveform from 10 Hz to over 15 kHz and up to five volts peak-to-peak. Review of the EXAR XR-2207 voltage-controlled oscillator IC. Includes schematics for possible applications in signal generator circuits. Build this simple waveform generator. A one-IC, multi-output device with a 1000:1 tuning range. Frequency range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Function generator circuit. Used to feed a specific frequency and voltage level to a circuit to see how it will react. Total harmonic distortion is less than 0.01% in this low-cost design. Audio function generator that rivals commercial equipment. Provides a wide variety of wave shapes (triangular, square, sine, pulsed, ...) over a wide range of frequencies. One-transistor VHF signal generator pumps out harmonics up to 240 MHz. Basic building-block circuits are made from the same low-cost IC, the LM324 quad op-amp. (1) AC voltage-follower. (2) Inverting amplifier. (3) Buffer amplifier. (4) Squarewave generator. (5) Instrumentation amplifier (formed by combining the above four circuits). Unusual uses for solid-state piezo-transducers. (1) Fixed-frequency generator circuit. (2) Sound-activated decoder circuit. (3) Low-frequency crystal filter circuit. (4) Tone encoder/decoder circuit. Three-speed square wave generator you can hold in the palm of your hand. Use it to trigger digital circuits, test amplifiers and check out radio circuits. Operates at 0.5 Hz or 460 Hz, in either manual or automatic mode. Est. cost: $6. Experimenting with the analog comparator, a special circuit incorporating the operational amplifier. Circuits include (1) an adjustable light-dark detector, (2) adjustable-threshold temperature-controlled relay, (3) a sine- to square-wave converter, and (4) a peak-voltage detector. Simple square-wave signal generator circuits utilize CMOS Schmitt-trigger integrated circuit devices. Fine-tune your color TV and/or video monitor. Simple BASIC program converts a Commodore-64 computer into a sophisticated color TV signal generator. Audio step generator takes the tedium out of making frequency-response tests on audio equipment. This unit automatically selects a series of frequencies and maintains a constant output level, letting you concentrate on the frequency-response test instead of on the test conditions. Using op amps to generate signals. A low-cost way to obtain the sine, square, triangle and sawtooth waves called for in many modern analog and digital circuits. Programmable waveform generator. An audio-frequency test instrument that generates up to 32 different waveforms at frequencies up to 10 kHz. Low-cost function generator delivers individually adjustable sine, triangle and square waves simultaneously over a frequency range of less that 1 Hz to almost 300 kHz into almost any load impedance. Est. cost: $50. Passive wave-shaping circuits. Using resistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes to do a job that has traditionally been the task of op amps and other active elements. Linear CMOS micropower IC op amps and comparators. Includes circuits for a microphone preamp, function generator, and window comparators. Wave-shaping circuit action. How waveforms are shaped electronically. Interpreting their results on an oscilloscope. Upgrading an audio signal generator. Add swept frequencies and output of triangle waves, variable-width pulses, and sine/cosine waveforms to a classic sine/square-wave generator. Using sweep frequencies in electronics troubleshooting. This technique greatly reduces the time needed to trace a fault to a particular component in a circuit. Looks at RC filter characteristics and how to read and interpret abnormal filter frequency-response curves. The theory and practice of designing square-wave generators that can stand alone or be integrated into circuit systems. The Modern Electronics computer experimenter lab. Part 2. Build a dual-channel digital/analog function generator. Est. cost: $70. The Modern Electronics computer experimenter lab. part 3. Adding a combination digital signal generator and 8088-microprocessor computer experimenter platform to the dual-channel function generator. Est. cost: $70. Simple AM modulator for adding audio signal to non-audio generators. Four-transistor variable frequency audio generator. Circuit for a two-transistor pulse shaper capable of converting sine-wave input signals (10 cycles to 10 kc) into variable-width rectangular pulse adjustable from 5% to 50% pf the input cycle period. Circuit for a free-running sawtooth generator uses the new four-layer (pnpn) bistable switch. Motorola circuit for a portable audio signal generator. Circuit for a poor man's square-wave generator. A shunt clipper that produces a square-wave signal from a sine wave input. "Square Deal" audio generator. Professional-type test equipment from inexpensive integrated circuits. Unit puts out high-rise-time square-waves ranging in amplitude from 0 to 2.5 volts and in frequency from 10 Hz to 1 MHz. AC or DC coupling may be used. Est. cost: $18. Multi-master. Solid-state multivibrator module is used in this tester which generates a 1000-Hz tone, richly endowed with harmonics. Can be used as a signal generator, code practice oscillator, and continuity tester. Est. cost: $5. AMligner, a multipurpose, tubeless, transistorless, cordless broadcast band signal generator. Basically, a free-running relaxation oscillator operating at 800 Hz and being transmitted by a low-power, short-range radio transmitter. Est. cost: $7. Multi-waveform generator can deliver a square, sawtooth, or spike waveform test signal at any fundamental frequency between about 200 and 20,000 Hz. Est. cost: $10. Small signal generator produces crystal-controlled sine or square waves at any frequency between 100kHz and 3 mHz, depending upon choice of crystal. Battery powered. Est. cost: $2 (less crystal). Signal-powered signal squarer. Adapter for a sine-wave signal generator which produces fast rise-time square waves of the same frequency. Circuit is a conventional two-transistor Schmitt trigger. Square-wave generator uses an integrated circuit. Puts out 1 kHz wave of 2.5 volts amplitude. Runs 50 hours on two AA penlight cells. Est. cost: $2-$5. Circuit for a sine-to-square converter. Square-wave generator uses integrated circuits and UJTs. Has a frequency of 5 Hz to 50 KHz and an amplitude of 0 to 6 volts, variable. Sine wave generator with ultra low distortion. Variable from 5 to 60,000 Hz. Est. cost: $49. SCS Signal-squaring adapter circuit. Beginner's signal generator for broadcast band operation. Low-cost signal source outputs 500-Hz audio tone and a 455-KHz i.f. signal, plus 910- and 1365-KHz for r.f. alignment. Est. cost: $8. A 100-KHz standard. A stable, accurate source of reference square waves. Est. cost: $10. Getting to know the UJT (unijunction transistor). Includes signal generator circuit. Add-on circuit produces good clean square waves from an audio sine-wave generator. Has 70-nanosecond rise/fall time. Sweep/frequency divider circuit uses a programmable unijunction transistor to deliver either sawtooth or pulse waveforms. Modification for the Heathkit IG-72 audio generator to provide zerobeat capability. Est. cost: $5. Time-base, square-wave generator or calibrator is crystal controlled and can deliver any of 13 selected timing periods from 1 microsecond to 1 second. This 10.7 MHz signal generator will spread out the 600-MHz of interest to cover a 180 degree segment of the tuning dial. Est. cost: $12. Combination test instrument is both a high-Q audio filter and a low-distortion sine, square or triangular wave generator. Est. cost: $35. Circuit to determine the quality of your sine wave without expensive test gear. Audio generators: How they work, with emphasis on sine wave models. Low-cost IC signal generator. Produces a 500 Hz square wave for audio testing, a 455 KHz continuous pulse train or a 455 KHz pulse train chopped at a 500 Hz rate. This battery-powered circuit has a built-in battery charger. What is an R-F sweep generator and what are the factors to be considered in selecting one? A look at the sine wave and its use in audio tester gear. Build the super audio sweep generator. Provides log and linear sweep. Delivers 1 Hz to 100 KHz sine, triangular and square waveforms. Est. cost: $120. Circuit to produce "hypnotic" waveforms on an oscilloscope. Simple audio generator circuit can also be used as a code-practice oscillator or audio transistor tester by substitution. How audio sweep generators save time and increase accuracy. Circuit for a triangle waveform generator. Rejuvenating elderly test equipment. Circuit to improve the waveform on a square-wave generator. Circuit for a basic r-f sweep generator, where the choice of coil determines the frequency range. Circuit to produce clean square waves from a solid-state sine-wave generator. Circuit for a square-wave generator that uses only a hex inverter IC, a feedback capacitor and a dc power source. Build an audio sweep marker generator. Use it to easily identify any frequency on an audio swept waveform display. Est. cost: $98. Using the programmable timer/counter IC type XR-2240 to make a waveform generator. Building a TTL sequence generator can teach you about digital logic IC's and provide a circuit for use in signal generators, LED flashers, electronic music, and random on-off switches. Simple function generator circuit is capable of supplying linear sawtooth and square-wave signals simultaneously. Circuit for a low frequincy (0.1 to 100Hz) sawtooth generator that can be used as an external scope sweep generator. Build a low-distortion, low-cost audio generator. Generates sine waves with less than 0.02% distortion, or acts as a gyrator. Six CMOS digital integrated circuits include a 1-kHz square-wave generator and a digital sine-wave generator. Circuit for a square-wave oscillator circuit capable of delivering signals at frequencies from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. Experiments with programmable logic arrays. Useful logic circuit has many applications in waveform generation or digital control. Build a dot/bar video signal generator. It is an essential instrument for the setup and convergence of a color TV receiver. Est. cost: $15. Circuit for converting ramp, sawtooth, or square-wave VCO output signals into sine waves. Circuit for a programmable four-step function generator. Simple function generator circuit can output sine, square and triangular signals of from 15 Hz to 25 kHz in three ranges. Electronic test equipment on the cheap. Tips on purchasing and refurbishing older test equipment. Ideas shown are for a signal generator, but can be applied to most anything. Digital sawtooth generator project provides two outputs. (1) A fixed, positive-going output of about 1.5 volts. (2) A variable, positive-going output of 0 to 5 volts. Sweep function generators. How a function generator works. Looks at basic features, amplifier testing, sweep testing, filtering waveforms, and flushing out tank circuits. Putting RC (resistor-capacitor) networks to work. Learn how to keep time using circuits you can design with just one equation. Square-wave generator circuit uses a 4047 CMOS multivibrator. Window generator circuit can be used as a light or dark detection circuit, temperature monitor, rain detector, etc. Build an audio sweep/burst (tone burst) signal generator. Produces sine waves that cover the entire audio range. Automatically sweeps the audio spectrum, provides variable duty-cycle pulses, and provides a variable linear ramp. Waveform generator circuit produces a symmetrical stepped waveform consisting of 3-up and 3-down steps in 1-volt increments. Staircase waveform-generator circuits designed to produce an increasing or decreasing stepped voltage or current. Sawtooth waveform-generator circuit. Function generator circuit is built around Intersil's ICL8038 waveform generator. Support components provide the ability to switch through several coarse frequencies in decade steps. Square-wave signal generator circuit for the beginning electronics builder. Audio-frequency generator circuit will produce an audio sine-wave by mixing the outputs of two RF oscillators operating at about the same frequency. Triangle-wave to sinewave converter circuit that is temperature stable. Squarewave generator circuit filters the output to produce triangle waves. Build an FM sweep-frequency generator (a frequency-modulated oscillator that linearly changes frequency at a fixed rate in response to an input modulating signal). Sawtooth generator circuit uses a digital-to-analog converter. Sinewave-to-squarewave converter circuit. Function generator circuit is designed to be used as a building block for high-speed analog circuitry. Using a single special-purpose IC (the ULN2429A fluid detector) in as many applications as possible. (1) Low-level liquid level detector. (2) High-level liquid level detector. (3) Touch-activated switch. (4) Proximity sensor. (5) Ultrasonic pest repeller. (6) Variable square-wave generator. (7) Code-practice oscillator. (8) Alarm circuit. (9) Light beam circuit (LED-emitter / phototransistor-sensor circuit). Waveform-generator circuits. (1) Triangle waveform generator. (2) Sawtooth generators. (3) Stepped triangle generator. Getting started using surface-mount technology components with two projects. (1) 555 dual-LED flasher. (2) Tone burst circuit puts out a 500-Hz tone. Generating square waves is easy when you follow the simple "recipes" in this cookbook. Includes CMOS generator circuits, 555-timer oscillators, linear IC generators and op-amp generators. High-speed signwave-converter circuit has a bandwidth greater than 1.0 MHz. L/C oscillator. A simple circuit which provides ultra-stable, low-distortion sinewaves. Learning about simple function generators (waveform generators capable of producing square and triangle waves). Filtered step-function waveform generator circuit in which the wave amplitude at each step is set by a linear potentiometer. Test generator circuit furnishes several waveforms over a frequency range. E.Z. signal generator. All three waveforms (sine-, triangle-, and square-wave) are clean over a range of 10 Hz to 2 MHz. Output is variable from zero to +/- 10 volts up to 25 mA. Est. cost: $60. Circuit for a light-variable square-wave generator uses a unique infrared light-to-frequency converter IC. A review of the XR-2206 integrated circuit function-generator. Part 1. This IC can form the basis for several signal and waveform generators. How it works and basic circuits. A review of the XR-2206 integrated circuit function-generator. Part 2. All about RF signal generators. Part 1. An in-depth look at the different types currently available, including how they work, their specifications, features and applications. All about RF signal generators. Part 2. All about RF signal generators. Part 3. What you need to know about special signal generators. Part 1. Using stereo generators to troubleshoot FM stereo radio receivers and tuners. What you need to know about special signal generators. Part 2. TV signal generators and how to use them in troubleshooting TV sets. Build this 2 to 200,000 Hz function generator. Part 1. Delivers sine, square and triangular waves with precision. Est. cost: $80. Build this 2 to 200,000 Hz function generator. Part 2. Circuit ideas. Digitally controlled sine wave generator produces a 32-step approximation of a sine wave with a dc component equal to half the CMOS supply voltage. Audio test station. Part 1. A series of articles describing the operation, design and construction of Fidelity Sound's model 101 Audio Test System kit. The unit consists of a power supply, two sine/square/triangle function generators, pulse generator, frequency counter and AC voltmeter. Est. cost: $650 (kit). Audio test station. Part 2. Power supply and timebase circuits. Troubleshooting communications receivers. Part 1. How to use a communications signal generator to troubleshoot 2-way radios. Tips on the bench technique and good diagnostic ability needed to perform this kind of repair. Audio test station. Part 3. Pulse generator, sweep shaper, and audio sweep generator. Troubleshooting communication receivers. Part 2. RF and IF troubleshooting, RF alignment, and the oscillator stages. Audio test station. Part 4. Theory of operation and the construction of the voltmeter and digital frequency meter sections. Audio test station. Part 5. Step-by-step through the calibration process. Wide-range audio generator to build. Estimated cost: $30. Covers 10 Hz to 50,000 Hz without any range switching. Synthesized function generator. Part 1. Uses digital electronics to generate stable frequencies and waveforms. Estimated cost: $60. Synthesized function generator. Part 2. Complete instructions for building and using. Programma-2 synthesized RF generator. Part 1. Crystal controlled unit covers 3 to 30 MHz and 300kHz to 3 MHz. Est. cost: $100. Programma-2 synthesized RF generator. Part 2. Construction. Programma-2 synthesized RF generator. Part 3. Finish construction, calibrate and tips on use. Audio-frequency generator with a digital frequency-readout that is easy to build, align, and use. Has a frequency range of 10 Hz to 50 kHz and a sinewave amplitude of 0- to 6-RMS. Generating sinewaves with the 4018 programmable decade counter IC. Smoothing out the digital sinewave-generator's output. How to determine the correct resistor values. Experimenting with digital frequency multiplier circuits. Finishing the digital sinewave generator built around the 4018 and 555 IC's. All about squarewave generator circuits. How to use transistors, op-amps, and 555 timers to make a variety of squarewave or "clock" generator circuits. All about CMOS clock circuits. Using CMOS logic IC's to make squarewave-generator or "clock" circuits. Designing with linear IC's. Part 8. A look at op-amp based sinewave, squarewave, and triangular wave generators. Using a function generator (audio-frequency generator) for audio troubleshooting. Simple sine-wave generator circuit features amplitude and frequency controls, is made from low-cost components, and is powered from a 9-volt battery. Versatile function generator (signal generator) can provide simultaneous square/triangle or square/sine output signals. Generating sine waves using digital techniques. Four different techniques discussed. CMOS phase-locked loops (PLL's). An in-depth look at a particularly versatile CMOS IC, the 4046B micro-power CMOS phase-locked loop. Includes circuits for sound generator, square-wave generator, tone switch, etc. Circuit to generate an audio signal consisting of 30 Hz and 9960 Hz at 0.5-VRMS. Used to check aircraft VOR navigation systems. Walking-ring counters (Johnson counters). An introduction to a hardware circuit or a software routine which generates a unique count sequence in a simple, unusual, and quite sophesticated manner. Example circuits include signal generators and electronic dice. Circuit for a deceptively simple digital sine-wave generator uses a single chip to produce a resolution of 1 Hz over a 1-Hz to 25-kHz range. Simple circuit for producing sine waves. Digital sinewave synthesizer. Provides 1-Hz resolution at over 500kHz with crystal-control precision. Est. cost: $70 (kit). Sweep/function generator and frequency counter. Produces up to a 2.5-MHz square, triangle, or sine-wave output with a 1 to 20-volt peak-to-peak amplitude and a 20-dB attenuator. Has TTL or CMOS 0.5- to 15-volt peak output as well as a sweep generator and frequency counter that can read up to 150 Mhz. Est. cost: $300. Part 1. Theory of operation. Sweep/function generator and frequency counter. Part 2. Construction and use. Two-tube audio generator and audio voltmeter. Combine a signal injector probe with an attenuator to make an inexpensive signal generator. Audio signal generator for tuning Citizens Band walkie-talkies. Schematic of a radio frequency generator used in free radical experiments. Testing the amplifier/loudspeaker interface. Build a special waveform generating circuit which drives the amplifier's protection circuits into current limiting. The result is displayed on an oscilloscope. Modifying a personal computer to generate the audio frequencies needed to test loudspeaker drivers. Adding a vernier tuning control to a function generator (if equipped with a BNC jack input for frequency sweep). | |||||||||
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