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Detailed entries for one subject from the INDEX TO HOW TO DO IT INFORMATION.
Click on a see also (sa) or tracing (xx) to view detailed entries about a related subject.
The entries are in alphabetical order by magazine name and then in chronological sequence.
To obtain a copy of any magazine article contact your local public library or the publisher.

VACUUM TUBE
sa   VACUUM TUBE POWER SUPPLY
sa   VACUUM TUBE TESTING
x   TUBE (VACUUM)
xx   ELECTRONIC COMPONENT

Tip on using 6550 tubes in place of KT-88 tubes.
AUDIO AMATEUR 3/1974 [Feb 1975] (v.5#3) pg. 35

Modifying the Scott LK150 amplifier to use RCA 8417 beam power tubes in place of more expensive 6550 tubes.
AUDIO AMATEUR 1/1978 [Mar 1978] (v.9#1) pg. 46

(1) Interchangeability of the 6550 tube and the KT88 tube in audio amplifiers is questioned. (2) Substitutes for 6550 tubes noted.
AUDIO AMATEUR 4/1978 [Nov 1978] (v.9#4) pg. 52
Added Info AUDIO AMATEUR 2/1979 [Apr 1979] (v.10#2) pg. 37, 48

Vacuum tube fundamentals. Part 1. Basic properties.
AUDIO AMATEUR 2/1986 [May 1986] (v.17#2) pg. 26
Added Info AUDIO AMATEUR 3/1986 [Aug 1986] (v.17#3) pg. 54
Added Info AUDIO AMATEUR 4/1986 [Oct 1986] (v.17#4) pg. 50

Vacuum tube fundamentals. Part 2. An alternate method of predicting circuit performance and a circuit for restoring tube performance.
AUDIO AMATEUR 2/1987 [Mar 1987] (v.18#2) pg. 25

Tip on sources of high quality vacuum tubes.
AUDIO AMATEUR 2/1988 [May 1988] (v.19#2) pg. 44

Rapid warm-up of Telefunken and Mullard 12AX7, 12AU7, and 12AT7 vacuum tubes described and debated.
AUDIOXPRESS Jan 2001 (v.32#1) pg. 100
Added Info AUDIOXPRESS Aug 2001 (v.32#8) pg. 74

Save the tubes. Precautions you can take to avoid conditions leading to premature vacuum tube failure in Class A audio.
AUDIOXPRESS Feb 2001 (v.32#2) pg. 52

Books for the tube audio beginner.
AUDIOXPRESS Apr 2001 (v.32#4) pg. 76
Added Info AUDIOXPRESS Aug 2001 (v.32#8) pg. 83

Bayonet sockets. How to modify the sleeve on a bayonet-style vacuum tube socket to accept the original WE 300B which has a different pin location than the 811-style bases.
AUDIOXPRESS Jun 2001 (v.32#6) pg. 70

High transductance smart power tubes (vacuum tubes). Part 1.
AUDIOXPRESS Nov 2002 (v.33#11) pg. 42

High transductance smart power tubes (vacuum tubes). Part 2.
AUDIOXPRESS Dec 2002 (v.33#12) pg. 50

High transductance smart power tubes (vacuum tubes). Part 3. Five amplifier projects based on 6C45, 6H30, and 6C46 tubes.
AUDIOXPRESS Jan 2003 (v.34#1) pg. 48

Vintage glass. Specifications for the 8417 beam power pentode.
AUDIOXPRESS Feb 2003 (v.34#2) pg. 72
Added Info AUDIOXPRESS Jul 2003 (v.34#7) pg. 65

Balanced circuit to drive the 6SN7 double triode vacuum tube features an op-amp.
AUDIOXPRESS Mar 2003 (v.34#3) pg. 72
Correction AUDIOXPRESS Jun 2003 (v.34#6) pg. 66

Maximizing the filament and seal life of the 3-500Z power triode vacuum tube.
CQ. THE RADIO AMATEUR'S JOURNAL May 1991 (v.47#5) pg. 78
Added Info CQ. THE RADIO AMATEUR'S JOURNAL Nov 1991 (v.47#11) pg. 90

Vintage tubes and classic rigs. Part 1. (1) Starting a mini-collection of classic vacuum tubes. (2) Classic Western Electric WE311B 40 meter transmitter circuit diagram and construction tips. (3) Classic spider-web-coil equipped Reinartz 2 receiver circuit diagram and construction tips.
CQ. THE RADIO AMATEUR'S JOURNAL Oct 1998 (v.54#10) pg. 40

Basic course in vacuum tubes.
ELECTRONICS ILLUSTRATED Jul 1964 (v.7#4) pg. 25

Comments on converting tube-type RF and audio equipment to utilize junction field-effect transistors (JFETs) in place of the tubes.
ELECTRONICS NOW May 1996 (v.67#5) pg. 10

A discussion and explanation of bias and its effect on vacuum tubes.
ELEMENTARY ELECTRONICS May-Jun 1967 (v.4#2) pg. 31

Basic course in electricity and electronics. Part 5. Understanding vacuum tubes.
ELEMENTARY ELECTRONICS Nov-Dec 1968 (v.7#2) pg. 79

How to fabricate an OA1 tube from a type 30 tube in order to keep old radios operating.
ELEMENTARY ELECTRONICS Sep-Oct 1973 (v.13#5) pg. 69

Convert an antique radio tube into a unique night light.
ELEMENTARY ELECTRONICS Jan-Feb 1974 (v.14#1) pg. 64

The vacuum tubes of early radio. Some nostalgia, plus many facts for antique radio collectors.
ELEMENTARY ELECTRONICS Nov-Dec 1974 (v.14#6) pg. 59

Troubleshooting antique radio circuits. Includes a schematic for the TRF-receiver of the mid 1920's and a chart showing the pin locations for some of the popular old vacuum tubes.
ELEMENTARY ELECTRONICS Mar-Apr 1979 (v.19#2) pg. 53

Tip on using inexpensive pentodes in place of triodes.
GLASS AUDIO 2/1990 (v.2#2) pg. 41

Tip on using stainless steel stretchable watch bands as vacuum tube dampers.
GLASS AUDIO 1/1991 (v.3#1) pg. 45

Advice on the maximum allowable grid resistance for 6550A tubes for fixed bias operation.
GLASS AUDIO 2/1991 (v.3#2) pg. 54
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 3/1992 (v.4#3) pg. 48

A 9-pin tube breadboard. Simple breadboard design that allows the experimenter to tie tube projects into commercially available breadboards.
GLASS AUDIO 2/1992 (v.4#2) pg. 34

Tube circuit primer: a reference. A compilation of equations and circuits useful when designing vacuum tube equipment.
GLASS AUDIO 3/1992 (v.4#3) pg. 20
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 5/1995 (v.7#5) pg. 60

Soviet tube secrets. Description of the 6C33C-B power triode, 6922 dual triode, and 5AR4.
GLASS AUDIO 1/1993 (v.5#1) pg. 3
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 2/1993 (v.5#2) pg. 34 (6C33C-B data)
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 4/1993 (v.5#4) pg. 39

Overlooked tube bargains.
GLASS AUDIO 1/1993 (v.5#1) pg. 16
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 4/1995 (v.7#4) pg. 46

Is the 6DJ8 vacuum tube suitable for audio? Characteristic curves for this super-tube.
GLASS AUDIO 2/1993 (v.5#2) pg. 1
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 3/1993 (v.5#3) pg. 41
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 1/1994 (v.6#1) pg. 46

Why some tube types are disappearing. An overview of the vacuum tube supply situation.
GLASS AUDIO 3/1993 (v.5#3) pg. 34

Balanced tube alternatives. An examination of the characteristics of push/pull amplifiers and their harmonic distortion, as it relates specifically to the electrical characteristics of the vacuum tubes used.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1993 (v.5#4) pg. 12

Vacuum-tube models for PSPICE simulations. A set of large-signal computer models which allow vacuum-tube circuits to be simulated using the evaluation (demo) version of PSPICE, an electrical circuit simulator.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1993 (v.5#4) pg. 17
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 2/1995 (v.7#2) pg. 54
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 1/1996 (v.8#1) pg. 54
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 6/1996 (v.8#6) pg. 69

Tip on converting from 6L6 tube types (including 5881s) to EL34s.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1993 (v.5#4) pg. 43

Inside the Russian tube industry. Includes descriptions and pinouts of common Russian tubes.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1994 (v.6#4) pg. 1
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 3/1996 (v.8#3) pg. 63

Making contact with your tubes. Tips to keep your tube pins clean for best performance.
GLASS AUDIO 1/1995 (v.7#1) pg. 20

A 15-watt triode power amplifier. Includes test results of experiments with vacuum tubes of various shapes, sizes, and configurations.
GLASS AUDIO 2/1995 (v.7#2) pg. 14
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 3/1995 (v.7#3) pg. 56
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 3/1997 (v.9#3) pg. 68

Adapting surplus television vacuum tubes for use in audio applications.
GLASS AUDIO 2/1995 (v.7#2) pg. 52
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 4/1998 (v.10#4) pg. 57

The suitability of the 6DJ8 vacuum tube for audio. Valuable information for designing audio amplification circuits using dual triodes.
GLASS AUDIO 3/1995 (v.7#3) pg. 10
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 6/1995 (v.7#6) pg. 66
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 5/1996 (v.8#5) pg. 58

Exploring the balance in tube pairs. How balanced are "balanced" tubes and how do they compare to new overseas types?
GLASS AUDIO 3/1995 (v.7#3) pg. 22

Sources for and alternatives to the Type 7591A vacuum tube.
GLASS AUDIO 3/1995 (v.7#3) pg. 57
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 2/1996 (v.8#2) pg. 60
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 3/1996 (v.8#3) pg. 74

Small-signal pentodes for audio. A detailed look at pentode selection, application, and operation. Includes specs for some common small-signal pentodes.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1995 (v.7#4) pg. 12

An old-new bias on bias. An examination of the debate surrounding the best bias operation for output vacuum tubes.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1995 (v.7#4) pg. 30
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 6/1995 (v.7#6) pg. 62

Difference between a 6550 and 6550A vacuum tube is explained.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1995 (v.7#4) pg. 55

Technique to resurrect some "dead" vacuum tubes by heating them with a blowtorch.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1995 (v.7#4) pg. 57

World tube directory 1995-1996.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1995 (v.7#4) pg. Supplement

Russian tube designators. How to clarify the unfamiliar nomenclature used to describe these high-quality tubes.
GLASS AUDIO 5/1995 (v.7#5) pg. 38

Disputing "fake triode". A short tutorial on typical plate characteristic curves helps explain how beam tetrodes, pentodes, and triodes work.
GLASS AUDIO 5/1995 (v.7#5) pg. 52
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 1/1996 (v.8#1) pg. 52
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 2/1996 (v.8#2) pg. 63

Benefits of using a pentode as a cathode follower.
GLASS AUDIO 5/1995 (v.7#5) pg. 58

Distortion in tubes. Part 1. Distortion in small-signal duotriodes. Measurements of commonly used tubes and a list of the best and worst tubes for audio equipment.
GLASS AUDIO 6/1995 (v.7#6) pg. 16
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 5/1996 (v.8#5) pg. 59

Advice on selecting and using quality tubes in older audio equipment.
GLASS AUDIO 6/1995 (v.7#6) pg. 69

Distortion in tubes. Part 2. Extensive gain, impedance, and distortion measurements provide a clear idea of which tubes to use for specific circuit requirements.
GLASS AUDIO 1/1996 (v.8#1) pg. 22

Cautionary note on the use of television HOTs (horizontal-sweep output tubes) in high-fidelity audio power amplifier circuits.
GLASS AUDIO 1/1996 (v.8#1) pg. 53

In search of the perfect vacuum tube. Advice on careful examination of a tube's physical makeup and the use of directly-heated triodes for best results. Includes information and schematics for a directly heated triode amplifier.
GLASS AUDIO 2/1996 (v.8#2) pg. 12
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 6/1996 (v.8#6) pg. 63, 65
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 2/1997 (v.9#2) pg. 60

New life for old tubes. Advice on using old TV and radio vacuum tubes in audio circuits.
GLASS AUDIO 2/1996 (v.8#2) pg. 46
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 5/1996 (v.8#5) pg. 55

A tube designator glossary. An explanation of the U.S.A. standards (digits, letters, and suffixes) used to label vacuum tubes. Part 1.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1996 (v.8#4) pg. 14
Correction GLASS AUDIO 5/1997 (v.9#5) pg. 58

Yes, you can substitute for the 7591 tube. How to modify your Fisher and other late 1950's vacuum tube equipment to utilize the 6GM5, 7868, 7355 or 5881/6L6WGC tubes.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1996 (v.8#4) pg. 22
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 1/1997 (v.9#1) pg. 48
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 5/1997 (v.9#5) pg. 68

Vacuum tube electronics. An annotated list of books and other published materials relating to vacuum tubes. Part 1. The classic texts.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1996 (v.8#4) pg. 36

A Russian/western tube chart. A list of Russian vacuum tubes and their US/European equivalents.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1996 (v.8#4) pg. 44

Filament power and performance of the 2A3 triode vacuum tube destined for use in an audio amplifier project.
GLASS AUDIO 5/1996 (v.8#5) pg. 42

Specifications for the RCA 6528 vacuum tube.
GLASS AUDIO 5/1996 (v.8#5) pg. 54

A tube designator glossary. Part 2. Military and government tube designators.
GLASS AUDIO 6/1996 (v.8#6) pg. 16
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 3/1997 (v.9#3) pg. 61
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 1/1998 (v.10#1) pg. 57, 58
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 3/1998 (v.10#3) pg. 56

Vacuum tube electronics. An annotated list of books and other published materials relating to vacuum tubes. Part 2. Specialized titles.
GLASS AUDIO 6/1996 (v.8#6) pg. 26

The search for linearity (the perfect linear system) examines active load triodes. Part 1. Algebraic explanation and a practical design of active cathode load circuits.
GLASS AUDIO 6/1996 (v.8#6) pg. 42
Correction GLASS AUDIO 5/1997 (v.9#5) pg. 56

A new transmitting tube driver stage. A high-voltage, low-distortion driver stage for transmitting tubes such as the 845.
GLASS AUDIO 6/1996 (v.8#6) pg. 50

Distortion in tubes. Part 3. Small-signal pentodes.
GLASS AUDIO 1/1997 (v.9#1) pg. 22
Correction GLASS AUDIO 2/1997 (v.9#2) pg. 56

The search for linearity (the perfect linear system) examines active load triodes. Part 2. Active anode loads and circuits that use more than one active load device.
GLASS AUDIO 1/1997 (v.9#1) pg. 32
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 4/1997 (v.9#4) pg. 58, 63

Vacuum tube electronics. An annotated list of books and other published materials relating to vacuum tubes. Part 3. Selected texts on electric circuit theory.
GLASS AUDIO 1/1997 (v.9#1) pg. 40

Tip on replacement or substitute power tubes for the LUXMAN MB3045 power amplifier which uses the 8045G vacuum tube.
GLASS AUDIO 1/1997 (v.9#1) pg. 45

Cross-reference list of army-issue VT vacuum tubes and their corresponding commercial numbers.
GLASS AUDIO 2/1997 (v.9#2) pg. 64

Optimizing the dynamic performance of the 2A3 triode (i.e. putting audio power to a load with minimum distortion).
GLASS AUDIO 3/1997 (v.9#3) pg. 22
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 1/1999 (v.11#1) pg. 54

Details on the true NOS 6CG7 tube and acceptable substitutes.
GLASS AUDIO 3/1997 (v.9#3) pg. 62

A conversion chart for World War II military vacuum tube numbers (VT numbers) converts them to their generic equivalent.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1997 (v.9#4) pg. 52

Tip on making a test mule (breadboard) for experimenting with vacuum tube circuits.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1997 (v.9#4) pg. 69

Advice on using a 100TH transmitting triode in a vacuum tube audio amplifier circuit.
GLASS AUDIO 5/1997 (v.9#5) pg. 50
Correction GLASS AUDIO 4/1998 (v.10#4) pg. 58

Cathode-follower circuits for the 5687 vacuum tube.
GLASS AUDIO 5/1997 (v.9#5) pg. 53

Audio preamp tubes. A survey of vacuum tubes for audio use looks at which triodes are best to use.
GLASS AUDIO 6/1997 (v.9#6) pg. 1
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 2/1998 (v.10#2) pg. 48, 49

The search for linearity (the perfect linear system) examines active load triodes. Part 3. Preamp and power amp circuits.
GLASS AUDIO 6/1997 (v.9#6) pg. 42
Correction GLASS AUDIO 2/1998 (v.10#2) pg. 44
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 4/1998 (v.10#4) pg. 56
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 2/1999 (v.11#2) pg. 60

Discussion of the construction differences between consumer versions of vacuum tubes and their military or industrial equivalents.
GLASS AUDIO 6/1997 (v.9#6) pg. 75

Will the 300B please stand up? A look at the interchangeability of tube types with the same 300B designation.
GLASS AUDIO 2/1998 (v.10#2) pg. 18
Correction GLASS AUDIO 4/1998 (v.10#4) pg. 56

Algebraic technique for modeling triodes. Improve upon traditional SPICE computer simulation with a new approach for modeling triode performance.
GLASS AUDIO 2/1998 (v.10#2) pg. 28

Try battery tubes. Utilizing low-power, inexpensive battery tubes which feature good-looking plate curves and evenly-spaced grid voltages. Looks at the 1H4-G detector amplifier triode, 1H6-G duplex-diode triode, 1.4V octals (1C5, Q5, 1A5, 1T5), and the miniatures (1S4, 1U5, 3Q4, and 3V4).
GLASS AUDIO 3/1998 (v.10#3) pg. 16
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 5/1998 (v.10#5) pg. 68

Vacuum tube electronics. An annotated list of books and other published materials relating to vacuum tubes. Part 4. Electromagnetics and tube physics.
GLASS AUDIO 3/1998 (v.10#3) pg. 40

Pinout diagrams for the 807 and 1625 beam tetrode.
GLASS AUDIO 3/1998 (v.10#3) pg. 47

300Bs on test. A thorough testing of various 300B tubes determines the best brand and source for audio applications.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1998 (v.10#4) pg. 12
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 2/1999 (v.11#2) pg. 55

How to use power tubes. Looks at power tube efficiency, undistorted output, and coupling devices. (Reprinted from Radio News, October 1930). Part 1.
GLASS AUDIO 5/1998 (v.10#5) pg. 26

How to use power tubes. Part 2.
GLASS AUDIO 6/1998 (v.10#6) pg. 22

Clarification of vacuum tube terminology as regards filaments, cathodes and heaters.
GLASS AUDIO 6/1998 (v.10#6) pg. 70

Cathode-driven power triodes. A new triode drive topology that circumvents the problems generally associated with power triode schemes.
GLASS AUDIO 1/1999 (v.11#1) pg. 26

Electrical and audio specs for the 6AS7G vacuum tube.
GLASS AUDIO 1/1999 (v.11#1) pg. 68

Data on the AZ31 vacuum tube.
GLASS AUDIO 2/1999 (v.11#2) pg. 68
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 4/1999 (v.11#4) pg. 59

A pocket preamp. This line stage demonstrates what you can do with vacuum tube technology in a very small space. The ideas can be applied to other tube projects.
GLASS AUDIO 4/1999 (v.11#4) pg. 26
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 1/2000 (v.12#1) pg. 63
Added Info AUDIOXPRESS Oct 2002 (v.33#10) pg. 62

The power pentode. Genesis and development of the ubiquitous pentode with its distinctive five-element operation.
GLASS AUDIO 5/1999 (v.11#5) pg. 46
Added Info GLASS AUDIO 4/2000 (v.12#4) pg. 60

Tip on using the 6336 regulator tube in place of the 6AS7 (GAS7).
GLASS AUDIO 1/2000 (v.12#1) pg. 63

The future of vacuum tubes in audio. Part 1.
GLASS AUDIO 3/2000 (v.12#3) pg. 20
Added Info AUDIOXPRESS Jan 2001 (v.32#1) pg. 94

A brief tube-manual survey. A list of "must read" publications for the knowledgeable tube hobbyist.
GLASS AUDIO 3/2000 (v.12#3) pg. 32

Purpose of the "getter" flashing (silver-like spot) on the inside of a vacuum tube is explained.
GLASS AUDIO 3/2000 (v.12#3) pg. 56
Added Info AUDIOXPRESS Feb 2001 (v.32#2) pg. 77

The future of vacuum tubes in audio. Part 2.
GLASS AUDIO 4/2000 (v.12#4) pg. 26

Paralleling tubes effects. A detailed analysis of the benefits and disadvantaages of operating vacuum tubes in parallel.
GLASS AUDIO 5/2000 (v.12#5) pg. 1

Antique radio vacuum tubes. Part 1. Battery-type tubes.
HANDS-ON ELECTRONICS Feb 1987 (v.4#2) pg. 90

Antique radio vacuum tubes. Part 2. AC-operated tubes.
HANDS-ON ELECTRONICS Mar 1987 (v.4#3) pg. 98

Antique radio vacuum tubes. Part 3. Wrap-up.
HANDS-ON ELECTRONICS Apr 1987 (v.4#4) pg. 90

History and evolution of the triode vacuum tube explained.
HANDS-ON ELECTRONICS May 1988 (v.5#5) pg. 84

Antique radio. Tips on transistorizing old tube-type radios.
HANDS-ON ELECTRONICS Jul 1988 (v.5#7) pg. 84

Instant-on for AC/DC radios keeps heating elements in the tubes warm.
MECHANIX ILLUSTRATED #510 Nov 1970 (v.66) pg. 96

Can an amplifier tube have zero transconductance? Demonstrating the constant-current effect.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS [1] Nov 1971 (v.35#5) pg. 42

Problems caused by replacing foreign vacuum tubes with U.S. versions.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS [1] Sep 1974 (v.6#3) pg. 92

Troubleshooting excessive plate current on vacuum tubes.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS [1] Dec 1974 (v.6#6) pg. 96

New life for tired vacuum tubes. Rejuvenation technique called "flashing" may be able to bring emission level back to normal.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS [2] Aug 1990 (v.7#8) pg. 76

Vacuum-tube basics. An in-depth look at the forerunner to the transistor.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS [2] Oct 1993 (v.10#10) pg. 53

The early days of radio. Part 2. Birth of the vacuum tube.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Nov 1986 (v.57#11) pg. 60

How to use 1N34 semiconductor diodes as replacements for small-signal detector tubes.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Apr 1987 (v.58#4) pg. 8

Antique radios. Troubleshooting ancient transformers, tubes and speakers.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Jan 1988 (v.59#1) pg. 84

The early days of radio. With better tubes came better radio designs.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Aug 1988 (v.59#8) pg. 57

Tip on replacing a type-45 tube with a 2A3 tube.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Sep 1988 (v.59#9) pg. 14

Importance of using original condensers (capacitors) and vacuum tubes in antique radio restorations.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Jan 1989 (v.60#1) pg. 84
Correction RADIO-ELECTRONICS Mar 1989 (v.60#3) pg. 14
Added Info RADIO-ELECTRONICS Apr 1989 (v.60#4) pg. 15

Chart shows substitutions for many common citizens band vacuum tubes.
SCIENCE & MECHANICS May 1968 (v.39#5) pg. 89