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Last Updated
03/31/2019
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Detailed entries for one subject from the INDEX TO HOW TO DO IT INFORMATION. |
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VACUUM TUBE sa VACUUM TUBE POWER SUPPLY sa VACUUM TUBE TESTING x TUBE (VACUUM) xx ELECTRONIC COMPONENT Tip on using 6550 tubes in place of KT-88 tubes. Modifying the Scott LK150 amplifier to use RCA 8417 beam power tubes in place of more expensive 6550 tubes. (1) Interchangeability of the 6550 tube and the KT88 tube in audio amplifiers is questioned. (2) Substitutes for 6550 tubes noted. Vacuum tube fundamentals. Part 1. Basic properties. Vacuum tube fundamentals. Part 2. An alternate method of predicting circuit performance and a circuit for restoring tube performance. Tip on sources of high quality vacuum tubes. Rapid warm-up of Telefunken and Mullard 12AX7, 12AU7, and 12AT7 vacuum tubes described and debated. Save the tubes. Precautions you can take to avoid conditions leading to premature vacuum tube failure in Class A audio. Books for the tube audio beginner. Bayonet sockets. How to modify the sleeve on a bayonet-style vacuum tube socket to accept the original WE 300B which has a different pin location than the 811-style bases. High transductance smart power tubes (vacuum tubes). Part 1. High transductance smart power tubes (vacuum tubes). Part 2. High transductance smart power tubes (vacuum tubes). Part 3. Five amplifier projects based on 6C45, 6H30, and 6C46 tubes. Vintage glass. Specifications for the 8417 beam power pentode. Balanced circuit to drive the 6SN7 double triode vacuum tube features an op-amp. Maximizing the filament and seal life of the 3-500Z power triode vacuum tube. Vintage tubes and classic rigs. Part 1. (1) Starting a mini-collection of classic vacuum tubes. (2) Classic Western Electric WE311B 40 meter transmitter circuit diagram and construction tips. (3) Classic spider-web-coil equipped Reinartz 2 receiver circuit diagram and construction tips. Basic course in vacuum tubes. Comments on converting tube-type RF and audio equipment to utilize junction field-effect transistors (JFETs) in place of the tubes. A discussion and explanation of bias and its effect on vacuum tubes. Basic course in electricity and electronics. Part 5. Understanding vacuum tubes. How to fabricate an OA1 tube from a type 30 tube in order to keep old radios operating. Convert an antique radio tube into a unique night light. The vacuum tubes of early radio. Some nostalgia, plus many facts for antique radio collectors. Troubleshooting antique radio circuits. Includes a schematic for the TRF-receiver of the mid 1920's and a chart showing the pin locations for some of the popular old vacuum tubes. Tip on using inexpensive pentodes in place of triodes. Tip on using stainless steel stretchable watch bands as vacuum tube dampers. Advice on the maximum allowable grid resistance for 6550A tubes for fixed bias operation. A 9-pin tube breadboard. Simple breadboard design that allows the experimenter to tie tube projects into commercially available breadboards. Tube circuit primer: a reference. A compilation of equations and circuits useful when designing vacuum tube equipment. Soviet tube secrets. Description of the 6C33C-B power triode, 6922 dual triode, and 5AR4. Overlooked tube bargains. Is the 6DJ8 vacuum tube suitable for audio? Characteristic curves for this super-tube. Why some tube types are disappearing. An overview of the vacuum tube supply situation. Balanced tube alternatives. An examination of the characteristics of push/pull amplifiers and their harmonic distortion, as it relates specifically to the electrical characteristics of the vacuum tubes used. Vacuum-tube models for PSPICE simulations. A set of large-signal computer models which allow vacuum-tube circuits to be simulated using the evaluation (demo) version of PSPICE, an electrical circuit simulator. Tip on converting from 6L6 tube types (including 5881s) to EL34s. Inside the Russian tube industry. Includes descriptions and pinouts of common Russian tubes. Making contact with your tubes. Tips to keep your tube pins clean for best performance. A 15-watt triode power amplifier. Includes test results of experiments with vacuum tubes of various shapes, sizes, and configurations. Adapting surplus television vacuum tubes for use in audio applications. The suitability of the 6DJ8 vacuum tube for audio. Valuable information for designing audio amplification circuits using dual triodes. Exploring the balance in tube pairs. How balanced are "balanced" tubes and how do they compare to new overseas types? Sources for and alternatives to the Type 7591A vacuum tube. Small-signal pentodes for audio. A detailed look at pentode selection, application, and operation. Includes specs for some common small-signal pentodes. An old-new bias on bias. An examination of the debate surrounding the best bias operation for output vacuum tubes. Difference between a 6550 and 6550A vacuum tube is explained. Technique to resurrect some "dead" vacuum tubes by heating them with a blowtorch. World tube directory 1995-1996. Russian tube designators. How to clarify the unfamiliar nomenclature used to describe these high-quality tubes. Disputing "fake triode". A short tutorial on typical plate characteristic curves helps explain how beam tetrodes, pentodes, and triodes work. Benefits of using a pentode as a cathode follower. Distortion in tubes. Part 1. Distortion in small-signal duotriodes. Measurements of commonly used tubes and a list of the best and worst tubes for audio equipment. Advice on selecting and using quality tubes in older audio equipment. Distortion in tubes. Part 2. Extensive gain, impedance, and distortion measurements provide a clear idea of which tubes to use for specific circuit requirements. Cautionary note on the use of television HOTs (horizontal-sweep output tubes) in high-fidelity audio power amplifier circuits. In search of the perfect vacuum tube. Advice on careful examination of a tube's physical makeup and the use of directly-heated triodes for best results. Includes information and schematics for a directly heated triode amplifier. New life for old tubes. Advice on using old TV and radio vacuum tubes in audio circuits. A tube designator glossary. An explanation of the U.S.A. standards (digits, letters, and suffixes) used to label vacuum tubes. Part 1. Yes, you can substitute for the 7591 tube. How to modify your Fisher and other late 1950's vacuum tube equipment to utilize the 6GM5, 7868, 7355 or 5881/6L6WGC tubes. Vacuum tube electronics. An annotated list of books and other published materials relating to vacuum tubes. Part 1. The classic texts. A Russian/western tube chart. A list of Russian vacuum tubes and their US/European equivalents. Filament power and performance of the 2A3 triode vacuum tube destined for use in an audio amplifier project. Specifications for the RCA 6528 vacuum tube. A tube designator glossary. Part 2. Military and government tube designators. Vacuum tube electronics. An annotated list of books and other published materials relating to vacuum tubes. Part 2. Specialized titles. The search for linearity (the perfect linear system) examines active load triodes. Part 1. Algebraic explanation and a practical design of active cathode load circuits. A new transmitting tube driver stage. A high-voltage, low-distortion driver stage for transmitting tubes such as the 845. Distortion in tubes. Part 3. Small-signal pentodes. The search for linearity (the perfect linear system) examines active load triodes. Part 2. Active anode loads and circuits that use more than one active load device. Vacuum tube electronics. An annotated list of books and other published materials relating to vacuum tubes. Part 3. Selected texts on electric circuit theory. Tip on replacement or substitute power tubes for the LUXMAN MB3045 power amplifier which uses the 8045G vacuum tube. Cross-reference list of army-issue VT vacuum tubes and their corresponding commercial numbers. Optimizing the dynamic performance of the 2A3 triode (i.e. putting audio power to a load with minimum distortion). Details on the true NOS 6CG7 tube and acceptable substitutes. A conversion chart for World War II military vacuum tube numbers (VT numbers) converts them to their generic equivalent. Tip on making a test mule (breadboard) for experimenting with vacuum tube circuits. Advice on using a 100TH transmitting triode in a vacuum tube audio amplifier circuit. Cathode-follower circuits for the 5687 vacuum tube. Audio preamp tubes. A survey of vacuum tubes for audio use looks at which triodes are best to use. The search for linearity (the perfect linear system) examines active load triodes. Part 3. Preamp and power amp circuits. Discussion of the construction differences between consumer versions of vacuum tubes and their military or industrial equivalents. Will the 300B please stand up? A look at the interchangeability of tube types with the same 300B designation. Algebraic technique for modeling triodes. Improve upon traditional SPICE computer simulation with a new approach for modeling triode performance. Try battery tubes. Utilizing low-power, inexpensive battery tubes which feature good-looking plate curves and evenly-spaced grid voltages. Looks at the 1H4-G detector amplifier triode, 1H6-G duplex-diode triode, 1.4V octals (1C5, Q5, 1A5, 1T5), and the miniatures (1S4, 1U5, 3Q4, and 3V4). Vacuum tube electronics. An annotated list of books and other published materials relating to vacuum tubes. Part 4. Electromagnetics and tube physics. Pinout diagrams for the 807 and 1625 beam tetrode. 300Bs on test. A thorough testing of various 300B tubes determines the best brand and source for audio applications. How to use power tubes. Looks at power tube efficiency, undistorted output, and coupling devices. (Reprinted from Radio News, October 1930). Part 1. How to use power tubes. Part 2. Clarification of vacuum tube terminology as regards filaments, cathodes and heaters. Cathode-driven power triodes. A new triode drive topology that circumvents the problems generally associated with power triode schemes. Electrical and audio specs for the 6AS7G vacuum tube. Data on the AZ31 vacuum tube. A pocket preamp. This line stage demonstrates what you can do with vacuum tube technology in a very small space. The ideas can be applied to other tube projects. The power pentode. Genesis and development of the ubiquitous pentode with its distinctive five-element operation. Tip on using the 6336 regulator tube in place of the 6AS7 (GAS7). The future of vacuum tubes in audio. Part 1. A brief tube-manual survey. A list of "must read" publications for the knowledgeable tube hobbyist. Purpose of the "getter" flashing (silver-like spot) on the inside of a vacuum tube is explained. The future of vacuum tubes in audio. Part 2. Paralleling tubes effects. A detailed analysis of the benefits and disadvantaages of operating vacuum tubes in parallel. Antique radio vacuum tubes. Part 1. Battery-type tubes. Antique radio vacuum tubes. Part 2. AC-operated tubes. Antique radio vacuum tubes. Part 3. Wrap-up. History and evolution of the triode vacuum tube explained. Antique radio. Tips on transistorizing old tube-type radios. Instant-on for AC/DC radios keeps heating elements in the tubes warm. Can an amplifier tube have zero transconductance? Demonstrating the constant-current effect. Problems caused by replacing foreign vacuum tubes with U.S. versions. Troubleshooting excessive plate current on vacuum tubes. New life for tired vacuum tubes. Rejuvenation technique called "flashing" may be able to bring emission level back to normal. Vacuum-tube basics. An in-depth look at the forerunner to the transistor. The early days of radio. Part 2. Birth of the vacuum tube. How to use 1N34 semiconductor diodes as replacements for small-signal detector tubes. Antique radios. Troubleshooting ancient transformers, tubes and speakers. The early days of radio. With better tubes came better radio designs. Tip on replacing a type-45 tube with a 2A3 tube. Importance of using original condensers (capacitors) and vacuum tubes in antique radio restorations. Chart shows substitutions for many common citizens band vacuum tubes. | |||||||||
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