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Last Updated
03/31/2019
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Detailed entries for one subject from the INDEX TO HOW TO DO IT INFORMATION. |
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ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE sa WEATHER xx ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE xx SCIENCE Tip on photographing an aurora. Glows, bands and curtains. Understanding and observing the aurora. Acid rain monitor. Electronic pH meter uses a simple 1-transistor circuit. The meter's range is from 7 (neutral) to 2.5 (highly acidic). Includes construction of a rain collector with an automatic drain. Est. cost: $30. Aurora monitor. Build a monitor to sense disturbances in the Earth's geomagnetic field caused by auroras and sun spots. Will also detect changes or anomalies in the magnetic field caused by large metal objects, permanent magnets, AC power lines, etc. Photographing the northern lights (aurora borealis). Auroral dreamscapes. Advice on photographing an aurora borealis in the northern latitudes. How to detect temperature inversions and meteor streaks using an ordinary FM radio or television receiver. Detection relies on atmospheric ionization. Acid rain and its effects. Includes a description of a voluntary rainwater collection program used to monitor acid rain. How to measure the oxygen content of the air we breath. A step-by-step guide for a simple experiment. Viewing Mt. Pinatubo's ash clouds. A look at the optical phenomena of volcano sunsets. Measuring atmospheric transmission using a sun photometer. How to determine the impact of dust, smoke, haze, and molecules of various gases on the transmission of sunlight through the atmosphere. How to build both a simple and advanced sun photometer. The effect of tropospheric conditions on ultraviolet-B wavelengths between 280 and 320 nanometers. Description of a science fair project. Tracking the ozone layer. (1) An explanation of the ozone layer and its effect on ultraviolet radiation from the sun. (2) How to measure the ozone layer by constructing a spectroradiometer. How to monitor ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Construct an ultraviolet-B radiometer to record the flux of radiation. Contribute to the study of how air pollution affects ultraviolet B. When hazy skies are rising. Construct and use a Visible Haze Sensor to monitor the clarity of the local atmosphere. By measuring the intensity of sunlight at the ground and knowing the thickness of the atmosphere, it will determine how much light has been scattered or absorbed and hence how much haze there is. Est. cost: $20. Measuring the electrical charge on raindrops. Build a device that will use the principle of electrical induction to measure the magnitude of a charge on a raindrop. Making experiments out of thin air. Simulate high atmospheric altitudes by constructing a spherical altitude chamber from a stainless-steel mixing bowl topped with a see-through Pyrex mixing bowl of the same diameter. A simple vacuum pump and proportional relief valve will maintain reduced pressure inside the chamber. Useful for simple biological experiments such as showing effect of altitude on plants. Measuring subtle atmospheric tsunamis (waves). Construct a microbarograph which is capable of sensing small barometric changes (just a few millibars). Est. cost: $50. Detecting the earth's electricity which is generated by the thousands of thunderstorms which pummel the planet continuously. Homemade version of a field mill which uses rotating slotted metal disks to measure fluctuations in the earth's electric field. Est. cost: $50. Rainbow simulator. This BASIC computer program is a simple ray-tracing algorithm. It generates a simulated rainbow by applying the laws of reflection and refraction to a large number of parallel light rays entering spheres of water. Watching for "Pinatubo sunsets". A summary of atmospheric phenomena caused by volcanic eruptions. Green flash. An explanation of the cause of the green (or blue) color which is sometimes seen just before the Sun sets behind a distant horizon. Includes a Basic language computer program which models atmospheric dispersion and extinction and thus predicts the color of the setting Sun. Detect the polar lights (aurora) using this magnetometer circuit. In search of noctilucent clouds (NLC). Tips on where and when to observe "night-shining" clouds, a scanty aggregate of extremely high-altitude particles upon which ice crystals have deposited. Sundog simulator. A computer program (written in BASIC) uses ray-tracing equations to simulate the interaction of light rays with an ice crystal. A new kind of corona. Tips on observing and photographing solar coronas triggered by high concentrations of airborne pollen. A rainbow's extra arcs. An examination of those inner arcs of color (called supernumerary bows) which arise from the interference of light rays after they refract and reflect within raindrops. Includes a BASIC computer program. Pillars in the sky. Tiny reflective ice crystals in the atmosphere reflect sunlight (near sunrise and sunset) to make glowing spires. A Basic computer program simulates how the pillar climbs and can remain visible even after sunset. An aurora watcher's guide. An expert explains what to look for, when, and how. Includes information on auroral photography. | |||||||||
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