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Last Updated
03/31/2019
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Detailed entries for one subject from the INDEX TO HOW TO DO IT INFORMATION. |
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BASIC COMPUTER LANGUAGE xx COMPUTER LANGUAGE Design for a 32 byte PROM board that holds the bootstraps for Altair Extended BASIC or regular BASIC. A review of Tom Pittman's tiny BASIC. Details of the language's abilities plus sample programs. Tips on how to get print instructions in BASIC to print out the quotation mark ("). An informal introduction to BASIC. BASIC to assembly language linkage for a PDP-11 computer allows you to do things with a BASIC interpreter that it was not designed to do, such as print a quotation mark. How to load MITS extended BASIC from a North Star floppy disk without conflict in the use of memory starting at address 2000 (hex). Subroutine will provide some of the PRINT USING functions for monetary output. Use with BASIC interpreters which do not have the PRINT USING option. Convert the North Star disk operating system so that it uses the DEL (or RUB OUT) key and the ESC key for various types of deletions. Kluge allows PRINT and LIST statements to be swapped for LPRINT and LLIST statements in a TRS-80 system. Useful when a printer is first put on-line. BASIC program generates a cross-reference table of labels used in a source program. Written using C-BASIC running under CP/M. Program must be ordered. Est. cost: $1. BASIC bit twiddling. Functions which allow the user to manipulate individual bits and nybbles (groups of four bits) are used in connection with PEEK and POKE commands. Short subroutine for formatting of dollars and cents ($xxx.xx) in BASIC interpreters without the PRINT USING command. Tip: Include a directory of subroutine addresses at the end of your BASIC program. Then, when you renumber, the new addresses will be shown in this directory. Comparison of some high-level languages for different tasks. Compares BASIC, FORTRAN, and ALGOL. Formatted output routine simulates the PRINT USING statement for BASIC interpreters without this instruction. A bug in BASIC. Description and analysis of a particular bug that is common to a number of BASIC systems. It is the NEXT WITHOUT FOR bug. Improve the speed of BASIC programs by changing all GOTO's into FOR...NEXT loops. Incorporate assembly-language routines into BASIC programs as DATA statements using this routine which rewrites object code as BASIC DATA statements. The new literacy: Programming languages as languages. BASIC, ALGOL, and APL are compared to the English language. Extended color BASIC for the TRS-80 color computer. A profile of the newest software offering from Radio Shack. Tip: Use a POKE instruction to properly save BASIC programs on cassette when using the OSI Challenger with a line length different than 72-characters. Changes to FLOPTRAN-IV, a Tiny BASIC Compiler for the Commodore PET (see Oct 1980 p 196) which make it compatible with version 3 PET ROMs. Changing a FOR...NEXT loop into a REPEAT...UNTIL loop. BASIC, Pascal, or Tiny-C. A simple benchmarking comparison. Generating programs automatically. Three utility programs help write Applesoft BASIC programs. Structured programming in BASIC. An introduction to the principles of structured programming with examples in Cromemco 32K Structured BASIC. The Atari tutorial. Part 6. Atari BASIC. BASIC formatted printing. A format routine allows control of printer output without the use of FORMAT statements. An introduction to NSC (National Semiconductor Corporation) tiny BASIC for the INS8073 Microinterpreter. A general-purpose routine in BASIC that allows a programmer to create a great variety of structured strings easily. Use these strings to sequence events in control programs. TRS-80 BASIC program hang-ups. How to understand and eliminate those mysterious crashes. A comparison of five compilers for Apple BASIC. Includes several benchmark programs to check prime numbers, sorting speed, matrix inversion, etc. Radio Shack compiler BASIC. Includes several benchmark routines used to evaluate a BASIC compiler. Add dimensions to your BASIC. How to support a multi-dimensional array in a BASIC compiler with only one dimension arrays. Adding the trace function North Star BASIC. The 8088 connection. Interfacing IBM PC BASIC to machine-language programs. Mastering the 8088 instruction set, the processor that drives the IBM PC. Cross-reference utility for IBM PC BASIC programs. BASIC routine for the Sinclair ZX81 to allow keyboard input in a game program. Translating the SAS (Statistical-Analysis System) language into BASIC. Use of a preprocessor program lets you run SAS-like syntax on microcomputers. A keyboard input routine for IBM PC BASIC accepts only the set of characters and number of characters defined by the programmer. Technique to disable the LIST command on the Apple II so that BASIC programs cannot be listed. BASIC-52 options for 8051 microcontrollers. Includes a circuit that places the BASIC-52 interpreter in battery-backed nonvolatile RAM, EEPROM or EPROM to permit use of a low-cost 8032 chip. Speed up BASIC-52 programs by using assembly-language subroutines. A simple Intel BASIC-52 extractor. Copies an internal 8052AH-BASIC interpreter into EPROM for use with inexpensive 8032 and 8052 microprocessors. Programming for speed. Tips for improving the operating speed of your BASIC programs and reducing the amount of memory required. Easy-to-understand primer on how to teach yourself the BASIC computer language. Introduction to BASIC. Part 1. Introduction to BASIC. Part 2. Decision making statements. Introduction to BASIC. Part 3. Input and output statements. Introduction to BASIC. Part 4. String statements and operations. Introduction to BASIC. Part 5. Subscripted variables. Introduction to BASIC. Part 6. Mathematical and graphic functions. Introduction to BASIC. Part 7. The philosophy of programming. Introduction to BASIC. Part 8. Programming errors, cause and correction. Introduction to BASIC. Part 9. The TRS-80 Level II EDIT mode. Introduction to BASIC. Part 10. Machine language. Introduction to BASIC. Part 11. Disk based systems. Introduction to BASIC. Part 12. Automatic keyboarding. Introduction to BASIC. Part 13. The analysis of writing a computer program which lets you enter a DX station's prefix and provides antenna azimuth and distance for long and short path. Introduction to BASIC. Part 14. The computer's graphic capability. Introduction to BASIC. Part 15. Disk based systems. Introduction to BASIC. Part 16. Speeding up tape systems. Introduction to BASIC. Part 17. Using a BASIC program to help memorize item pairs, such as call letter prefixes for a list of countries. Introduction to BASIC. Part 18. Program that will help us remember birthdays, anniversaries, appointments, etc. Converting BASIC. A chart illustrates the common statements and functions in BASIC for four popular computers (Apple II, Commodore, Sinclair, and TRS-80). Beginning programming with BASIC. Part 1. Beginning programming with BASIC. Part 2. Beginning programming with BASIC. Part 3. Review and comparison of the four popular BASICs for 6800-based machines. Test programs used to determine the amount of mathematical error which is introduced by various BASIC interpreters when converting numbers and performing operations. A patch routine for running MITS BASIC on the SWTP microcomputer. Two BASIC programs are used to disassemble your 8080 BASIC interpreter and create an assembly source listing. Strings and things. A look at two different ways of using strings in BASIC. Includes a simple mailing list program. Tiny BASIC shortcuts. Methods to expand Tom Pittman's tiny BASICs (6502, 1802, etc) will be covered in this series of articles. Part 1. Byte-saving tips and calculations involving decimal numbers. Tip: Alternative methods for handling the AND statement and IS NOT EQUAL statement if they are not present in your version of BASIC. How to modify the string length in SWTP's 6800 BASIC interpreter from 32 charecters to some other value. Mits vs. North Star: Which is faster. Benchmark programs and the results when run on Mits Extended (12K) and North Star BASIC. Index to the manual supplied with SWTP 8K BASIC (Version 2.0). From Big BASIC to Tiny BASIC. How to get around some limitations of small BASIC interpreters, such as the lack of two dimension arrays, lack of the ON-GOTO feature, a proper modulus number in random numbers, etc. How to limit the buffer size of SWTP's BASIC. Techinque for overcoming the lack of FOR/NEXT loops in some tiny BASIC interpreters. Program to test the random number generator in your version of BASIC. BASEDIT, an editor for 6800 BASIC program. Two programs for the SWTP system allow BASIC programs to be edited and then listed out on numbered pages with a title at the top of each page. Uses cassettes for program storage. Programs written in assembler language. Short assembly language program to print SWTP instruction code from an un-documented BASIC cassette. Index to the TRS-80 Level II BASIC Reference Manual. Program will print a list of all possible variable names allowed in North Star BASIC. Use it to check off those already used as you write a program. Benchmark test of BASIC running in a PET computer produces significant time differences in various search routines. How to use the colon (:) to skip lines and indent program listings when using Microsoft BASIC. Data files for Processor Technology's 5K BASIC. Subroutines provide I/O port switching, DATA statment construction, etc. to improve the file storage capacity of this BASIC. How to append another file using the CLOAD command when operating under Level II TRS-80 BASIC. How to modify a program which includes an author's name or copyright statement so that the name cannot be easily deleted from the program. Utility program to renumber Heathkit H8 BASIC programs. Thoughts on the SWTP computer system. Part 5. How to put BASIC in ROM. How to relocate a BASIC interpreter in memory. More TRS-80 horsepower. Add 16K of memory and install the Level II BASIC ROM while keeping the Level I ROM. Then you don't have to reprogram earlier software. Est. cost: $100. A BASIC dollar edit subroutine. A substitute for the PRINT USING command in those BASIC interpreters without that instruction. Routine to renumber BASIC programs for the Ohio Scientific BASIC-in-ROM computers. A relocator program for North Star BASIC. Speed up loading BASIC on Heath's H8 equipped with an H17 floppy disc. Preserve an absolute version of BASIC plus the HDOS overlay on the disk. Load this version when you need BASIC. How to introduce a GET function into the Sorcerer BASIC by means of the USR function. Profile of Microsoft's new version of BASIC, called BASIC-80. Profile of the Tarbell Disk BASIC interpreter. A line editor for Benton Harbor BASIC, a tape-based interpreter. Back space modification for CP/M and Microsoft BASIC allows the backspace key to delete unwanted characters and removes the irritating backslash when using the delete key. How to use Radio Shack's Level II ROM BASIC on another Z-80 machine. Requires a special subroutine to convert ASCII keyboard data to simulated TRS-80 memory-mapped bits. Save memory and run time in a North Star BASIC program by running this program which changes all variables to 1 character and removes blanks and LET, thus reducing the size of the BASIC program. Other saving tips included. Some tips on making program conversions from one system to another. Converting "Keepbook bookkeeping system" (KILOBAUD June 1979) from North Star BASIC to TRS-80 Level II BASIC. How to chain DATA statements using Microsoft BASIC supplied with the Exidy Sorcerer computer. Use this technique to avoid some of the limited CSAVE capability problems. How to recover that lost disk BASIC program on a TRS-80 should you accidently get re-booted to the DOS. BASIC programming tips. Don't sacrifice efficiency for faster program development. Write self-modifying PET programs which can store a small amount of data in a BASIC program. It converts the data to ASCII and "POKE's" it into a DATA statement. How to load PET computer machine-language programs directly from BASIC and execute them using the RUN command. FILEMAP: An aid to program documentation. Variable mapping program will generate an alphabetical list of variables and the line numbers in which they appear. Used in connection with BASIC programs. A BASIC translation algorithm. Tips on converting a program from one version of BASIC to another. Speed up your BASIC programs using simple techniques. A humanist's approach to computer programming. How to bring order and structure into writing BASIC programs, plus some routines to keep track of variables and produce an index to your programs. Software security. Use passwords in your BASIC programs to thwart unauthorized access. Efficient data storage for Microsoft BASIC. Pack most single- and double-precision numbers into three- or four-byte strings instead of four- or eight-byte strings. Tinkering with Tiny BASIC. How to add four new and useful commands to Tom Pittman's Tiny BASIC, plus some tips on the USR command. Blank removal. Machine-language program removes blanks from North Star BASIC programs. Enhancing Heath's H8 BASIC. Subroutines for printing text, inputting text, and poking input from front panel keyboard. MAT functions. BASIC routines make arrays easy to handle. PET shorthand compleat. A look at a shorthand BASIC notation available for use within a PET program or in the direct mode. Flowchart generator program prints a shortened version of a BASIC program, plus arrows and lines to indicate the flow through the program. Written in BASIC for the SWTP computer. Datalog. An index program that speeds up the location of a specific disk record when operating under Benton Harbor BASIC. A keyboard input driver which adds intra-line editing capability to Exidy Sorcerer BASIC. North Star quiz. An analysis of coding conventions used in North Star BASIC. Expand Exidy Sorcerer BASIC through the addition of this line renumbering routine and a routine to combine two BASIC programs into one program (merging). Thoughts on the 68XX systems. How to add useful editing functions to SWTP BASIC, Percom Super BASIC, TSC Text Editor, Micro-Ware Compiler, etc. Software technique to "expand" computer memory by calling another program into memory. System must use a version of Microsoft BASIC. Simple prettyprinting program, written in Apple BASIC, manipulates a BASIC source program into a printed form which is more readable and understandable. Replace the NULL command in OSI BASIC with this CLEAR SCREEN routine. Editing enhancer for North Star BASIC. How to recall and use the string editing functions even after you have pressed the return key to input the string. Compiled -vs- interpreted BASIC. How assembly-language subroutines can be incorporated into compiled BASIC programs. Applesoft utility removes remark statements (REM) to free up memory space and improve execution without destroying program documentation. Written in machine-language. Applesoft utility removes BASIC remark statements (REM) to free up memory space and improve execution without destroying program documentation. Written in machine-language. Modification for the North Star Disk Operating System allows all of the BASIC edit commands to be called with a single keystroke. How to access some of the Exidy Sorcerer monitor commands from a BASIC program. A "replace" program in assembly language for North Star BASIC converts the commas and backslashes to the more conventional semicolons and colons of other BASICs. How to access the North Star diskette file directory as data from a BASIC program. 65-byte machine language program will let you recover North Star BASIC programs that have been "scratched". Timing comparisons (benchmark tests) to compare BASIC with Pascal. North Star BASIC program to remove spaces, remarks, extra lines, etc. from BASIC programs. Package of three programs to originate, test, and debug a BASIC program. Numeric storage programming technique for BASIC will let you store integers from 0 through 255 in a single byte or integers from 0 through 65279 in two bytes. Three IBM PC utilities. (1) Set softkeys for BASIC. (2) Print variable-size box or border. (3) Puts 3 title lines on printed output. Tune up your BASIC programs. Tips show you how to increase the speed of your BASIC programs. Subroutine to provide computed GOTO command on the Commodore computer. Utility program to print a cross reference listing of GOTO and GOSUB references. Written in BASIC for the Commodore computer. Apple-Macro II program allows for easy entry of BASIC commands with only 2 keystrokes. CBASIC program to generate cross-reference listing for source programs. CIRCSAV, a BASIC program to teach you about BasicA graphics commands. A few tips on how to get errorless BASIC programs. Commodore-64 utility programs: (1) Subroutine to reclaim a BASIC program lost by accidently typing "new". (2) Program to provide a printed copy of disk source files created by "Easy Script". Utility program that analyzes your Microsoft BASIC Programs and prints a list of the variables used, their types, dimensions (if arrays) and a list of the line numbers where they appear. A utility for all Commodore systems is designed to read a machine language program from disk and create a BASIC program on disk with the same machine language program converted to data statements. How to locate and run the RAM test program, music program, and a renumber program located within Apple's Integer BASIC. BASIC, plain talk for your home computer. Easy-to-understand primer on the BASIC programming language. Free BASIC programs by radio. How you can capture computer programs that are broadcast internationally and in the U.S. Program merging routine for a TRS-80 allows you to load a BASIC program from cassette and combine it with a BASIC program already in memory. Written in machine language. BASIC subroutines for displaying things on the video screen for a specific period of time. How to design microprocessor-based projects. Part 2. The language of the 8073 microinterpreter (National Semiconductor's Tiny BASIC). Includes an application circuit called "burglar outwitter" to control three lights in a sequential fashion to simulate the movement of a person during the evening hours. | |||||||||
Copyright © by Norman Lathrop Enterprises. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, print photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior expressed permission of Norman Lathrop Enterprises, except as permitted by law. |
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