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Last Updated
03/31/2019
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Detailed entries for one subject from the INDEX TO HOW TO DO IT INFORMATION. |
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CAMERA OPERATION xx CAMERA Simple guidelines for taking pictures with an inexpensive camera. Ten rules for using your camera outside during the winter. Tip on hand-holding a 35mm camera vertically. Tip on date/time stamping of your film by taking a picture of a digital watch. Tips on bracketing exposures and changing the ASA on automated cameras to get good pictures in difficult lighting situations. Auto-exposure for professionals. Part 1. Memory lock, metering, compensation dials. How to set an SLR camera for hyperfocal focus. Auto-exposure for professionals. Part 2. Auto flash, film compensation. Tips on minimizing camera shake and other techniques to improve picture sharpness. Tip: Memory aid "FLASH" helps prevent overlooking anything when preparing to expose a picture using a manual camera. Taking things for "granite". Three photographic myths are exposed using research and/or simple tests. (1) Depth of field and focus. (2) Enlarger light sources. (3) Print dry-down. Zone focusing. Using the depth of field scale on a camera lens to get an image really sharp, and not just "plane focused". A look at hyperfocal distance and depth of field scales. Tip: Protect your camera from rain, moisture, sand, ... etc. by enclosing it with a clear plastic bag. You can still use the camera while in the bag. The fine art of hand-holding a still, motion picture, or video camera. How to use the new pocket cameras. Tips on avoiding camera shake and on keeping the lens clean. Photography for inept sophisticates. A beginner's guide to using the camera. Pictures illustrate how to hand-hold a telephoto lens. Give your own camera the shake test. Determine how mirror, lens, tripod and shutter movement affect your sharpness. Tips on improving your photos by examining these three areas: (1) your SLR focusing technique, (2) holding the camera steady, and (3) your camera's variations from the marked values in meter, speed and f/stop. Photos illustrate correct loading of film in a Pentacon 6x6cm camera. How to make the most of depth of field at any given aperature setting. Tips to get both background and foreground in adequate focus involve knowing where to set the focusing ring in relation to the principle object being filmed. Suggestions for keeping your camera dry while filming in the rain. Automatic cameras will take fine pictures under average or normal conditions. Tips on what you must remember when the light is not normal, such as: overcast day, artificial light, available light, etc. Make a "rough water" box for your camera. A watertight ammunition box with a plastic window allows you to take pictures while on raft trips, etc. without danger of getting camera wet. Estimated cost: $25. Creative bracketing. Taking the same picture at different apertures, shutter speeds and focal lengths lets you discover more than just correct exposure. Keep on shooting, weather or not. How to protect your camera equipment from excessive cold, heat, dust and humidity, but still allow you to take pictures. Using the hyperfocal-minus-one technique for focusing your camera lens. Protect your camera from rain by using plastic bag and a lens shade. Tough exposures. How to overcome the limitations of your camera's built-in metering system. Some tips. Tip: Use an umbrella to protect camera when shooting in rain or snow. Tip: Use a machinist's mirror to set camera controls when you can't view them directly. Tip: Use a mirror and flashlight to check for camera vibration during long exposures. Simple way to check for floor vibration when shooting from a tripod. Tip: Cut contrast by dodging in the camera while making the exposure. Tip: Focus in the dark by projecting a light beam through the groundglass or rangefinder. Tip: Use a mirror to see what your finder sees when you're not behind the camera. Useful when composing small objects for a relatively close-up picture. Self test to determine how steady you can hand-hold a camera. Outsmart your auto-everything camera. How and why to bypass your camera's automatic features. Tough exposures. The best metering system for tricky lighting situations depends on the camera operator understanding how camera meters a scene and how you can override that setting. Sharp pictures depend mostly on film acutance, subject or camera motion and proper focusing. Some tips on getting sharp pictures. Self-assignment. Try taking pictures with a simple, non-adjustable camera, to see if your pictures improve when your stop "playing" with all the adjustments on a sophisticated camera. Basic 35mm single-lens reflex photography. A step-by-step lesson in learning how to use your SLR camera. Part 1. Camera handling. Tropical photography. Tips on photographing in a tropical environment with its heat, humidity, salt air and abrasive dust. How to test your camera-holding abilities to see if your picture taking technique is introducing "camera shake" and causing fuzzy pictures. Suggestions on holding your camera steady when taking pictures at lower speeds (1/15 to 1/60 second) without resorting to a tripod. Tips on proper camera focusing when using both rangefinder and groundglass focusing cameras. Tips on bracketing your exposures to achieve a "perfect" negative. Tips on becoming an effective photographer when using a twin-lens reflex camera with waist level finder. The 1-4-1-4-1-4-1 method for contrast control. How to expose an extremely contrasty scene without resorting to the use of artificial lighting. Lie to your camera. How to change the ASA film speed setting on compact autoexposure 35mm rangefinder-type cameras to compensate for adverse-light situations. How to master the use of the depth-of-field preview lever on your camera. Tips on handholding cameras. Tip: Use the self-timer mode to raise and lock the mirror on a Nikon FM and FM2 camera. How to get a double exposure using a Leica IIIf camera. SPECIAL SECTION on 35mm single-lens reflex photography. Camera handling. Includes information on film loading, light meter, focusing, batteries, etc. Basic photo techniques: Using programmed (automatic) cameras. 35mm SLR super course. Part 1. An introduction to the 35mm SLR camera. 35mm SLR super course. Part 2. Interchangeable lenses. 35mm SLR super course. Part 3. Film and exposure. 35mm SLR super course. Part 6. Autofocus 35mm SLR cameras. 35mm SLR super course. Part 9. Composition and action. School of photography. Lesson 3. Films and exposure. How to get top results with compact point-and-shoot cameras. Re:vision. Overriding your camera's built-in, automatic exposure meter for precise results. Taking quality photographs with 35mm compact cameras. Some tips. Fifteen worst camera operation bloopers and how to avoid these embarrassing mishaps. School of photography. Part 1. The basics of photography with a 35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) camera. How to maximize sharpness in photographs. Tips on lens selection, exposure, film, etc. How to shoot great wintertime scenes using a point and shoot camera. Cold weather photography. Part 2. Batteries, shutters, and lubricants. On exposure. A practical approach to exposure measurement without relying on automatic cameras. Six photo (camera) mistakes even the pros make and how to prevent them. How to keep camera equipment dry when taking pictures in the rain. How variations in aperture and exposure time affect resulting exposure. Taking pictures with a box camera can help improve your technique. How to focus a camera while wearing eyeglasses. How to solve the 12 toughest single-lens-reflex picture taking problems. Tips on protecting your camera while photographing in bad weather. How to outwit built-in meter barriers. Things you should know about depth of field and depth of focus. Pupillary problems. More about depth of field and depth of focus. Breaking-in a new camera. How to get around some of the exposure graph plot errors deliberately built into many cameras' fully automatic exposure systems. Flare and the photographic image. More from Norman Goldberg on the problems of controlling flare. Selective focus. The three basic controls over depth of field (aperature, focal length and camera-to-subject distance) are examined and illustrated to show how they work. How to get crisp pictures hand-held at 1/30th of a second. Exercises to practice for taking sharply-focused pictures. Learn how to lean and brace yourself for sharper slow-shutter, hand-held pictures. Bad-weather shooting. Tips on making pictures and keeping equipment dry at the same time. A personalized look at depth of field. Part 1. When to rely on the camera scale for sufficient depth. A personalized look at depth of field. Part 2. How to use shallow depth for creative effects. When to use an auto-exposure camera in the non-automatic mode. Tips on focusing a normal lens with an SLR in available light. Getting the most from auto-exposure SLRs. How steady can you get. Here's how to find your hand-held limits. Tips on protecting camera gear and yourself when doing cold-weather photography. Tips on keeping your camera operating when the temperature is high and you are near sand or water. Tips on getting your subjects in sharp focus when using available light and an SLR camera. Tips on getting sharp pictures when taking hand-held exposures. How to hold your camera to get sharp images at slow shutter speeds. Part 1. How to hold your camera to get sharp images at slow shutter speeds. Part 2. Unique vertical and long-lens techniques. How to protect your camera, then explore the world of bad-weather photography. Why and how to fool your auto-exposure camera into thinking it's not an auto-exposure camera. Tip: How to take a double exposure with almost any 35mm SLR camera. Tips on holding the camera steady while taking pictures. Fresh colors. Tips for rainy-day shooting and protecting your camera gear. When and how to bracket for perfect exposures. How to preview the same depth of field (zone of sharpness) that your camera sees. How to take photographs in the rain. Tips on ways to protect yourself and your camera from the water. Compact impact. Things to remember to improve your pictures when using a modern compact 35mm camera. Points of focus. In-depth look at proper focusing technique when using a modern SLR camera. How to override your autoexposure SLR to get better results in contrasty light. Protective gear and tips to keep your camera equipment safe from the perils of water and sand. Sharpness and long lenses. Tailor your shutter speed to focal length in use in order to guarantee sharp pictures. Other strategies for eliminating camera shake are noted. Autofocus cameras. How they work and how to avoid problems when using them. Exposure reprise. A closer look the "sunny f/16" rule. How to adapt the "sunny f/16" exposure rule to subjects other than the frontlit, average-toned one the rule calls for. Tip on calculating the longest exposure time for safe handheld pictures. Tips from Ken Heyman on using small point-and-shoot cameras for close, intimate photos, without using the viewfinder. Reading and understanding the instructions which come with your new camera or other photo equipment. equipment. Tip: Use a flashlight as a low-light autofocusing aid. A glossary of the standard graphic symbols adopted for many camera operations are illustrated and explained. Understanding how depth of field affects picture sharpness. General guidelines on controlling sharpness with both manual and autofocus cameras, including how to read a lens depth-of-field scale. Working with, and around, matrix-style (segmented) built-in camera light meters. Tip: Use a sonic "tape measure" in difficult focus and flash situations. Putting a lock on autofocus. Various methods to turn off an autofocus system for high-speed or off-center subjects. How to work around the limitations of autofocus cameras. Tip: Fool a point and shoot camera into saturating (underexposing) Kodachrome 64 slide film. Tip: Prefocusing an autofocus camera insures capturing the peak of subject action. Point-and-shoot camera flash modes are explained. When and how to use flash on, flash off, and automatic flash modes to achieve the best pictures. Tip on using a hand warmer to keep a camera's batteries warm outside during the winter. Guide to using the Bulb setting on automatic point-and-shoot cameras. Comparison between the capabilities of top-of-the-line point-and-shoot cameras and a modern auto-focus SLR in the hands of a professional photographer. Tips on intelligent use of aperture- or shutter-priority autoexposure modes, instead of relying on the program mode. Understanding the various autoexposure SLR metering modes. How to get the best photos with a point-and-shoot camera. An experiment to check your steadiness when taking photos without a tripod. Ten common goofs people make when operating point-and-shoot cameras. SLR time lag: Why you never get what you see. Understanding the physical camera operations which cause a time lag between pressing the shutter and taking the picture. How to read and understand a camera manual. How to hand-hold your camera and keep it steady. Tip on fooling a point-and-shoot camera into setting a different exposure. Tip on taping over part of point-and-shoot camera light meter cell to alter the autoexposure setting. How to switch film in the middle of a roll. Tips on rewinding the film, retrieving the leader, writing needed information on the leader for reuse, etc. How to press a shutter release without inducing camera shake. How to focus an SLR manually. Checklist to make sure both you and your camera are ready to take pictures. Bad weather photography. Tips on using an ordinary camera in snow, rain, mist and fog. Shoot your point-and-shoot cameras to the max. Ten ways to boost the technical quality of your compact's pictures. How to photograph from a moving platform (bus, boat, airplane, ...). How to test your ability to hold various lenses steady while taking pictures. Read a good negative lately? Interpreting what you see upon close inspection of processed color-negative film. Includes picture taking advice dealing with overexposure, color filtration, fluorescent lighting, color conversion filters, and unsharp negatives. How to handhold a camera for long exposures (1/4 second). How to get better autofocused shots with your SLR. How and when to use manual exposure. Best how-to tips for camera operation. (1) Get better auto-focused shots with your SLR. (2) Hold your camera steady. How accurate is autofocus? An in-depth look at the mechanics of autofocus cameras and tips on their use. A related article shares advice from 9 pros on why and how to use autofocus. The serious shooter's guide to point & shoot photography. How SLR camera users can get good pictures from a compact camera. Motion control. Learn to use your camera's shutter speeds to freeze or accentuate action. How to read and interpret a digital photo histogram. This knowledge will assist you in making better in-camera exposures. Freeze the action. Using fast shutter speed, slow shutter speed or panning to capture motion on film. Getting started with a twin lens reflex (TLR) camera, a less expensive way to get into medium-format photography. A related article looks at using the Rolleiflex TLR. Bracketing for perfect exposures. Tips on mastering the technique. Ten tips for getting the best from your compact camera. Beat point & shoot at its own game. How to make sure the composition and exposure are what you want, not what the camera electronics decide. Proper handholding of your camera to capture sharp images without a tripod. Using the old cameras. Some tips. Image quality. (1) Impact of shooting with and without a lens shade. (2) Hand holding a camera at fast shutter speeds versus using a tripod. Camera shake, the thief of sharpness. How to avoid this problem or use it to your advantage. Photography ABCs. The correct use of zoom lenses. Photography ABCs. Using wide angle lenses. Autofocus problem solving. 10 tips for reliable photography with an autofocus camera. | |||||||||
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