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Last Updated
03/31/2019
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Detailed entries for one subject from the INDEX TO HOW TO DO IT INFORMATION. |
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AIRCRAFT DESIGN sa WIND TUNNEL xx AIRCRAFT Calculations for homebuilders. How to determine maximum efficiency performance figures for today's advanced technology homebuilts. An introduction. CORR: 40901984.20 Water logic. A respected designer discusses the special considerations for conceiving and building amphibious aircraft. Mini planes and micro computers. Includes two sample programs written in BASIC to assist in aircraft design. Modern aircraft design (book review with excerpts). Aerodynamicist offers his views on how to approach the problem of developing an original aircraft design. Article covers three general designs: tri-wing, conventional and canard configurations. Firewall designs for homebuilt aircraft. Part 1. The FAA burn test, a worst-case scenario. Composite aircraft design (book review with excerpts). Firewall designs for homebuilt aircraft. Part 2. Burn tests of the most commonly used firewall configurations. Firewall designs for homebuilt aircraft. Part 3. The best performing firewalls. Coupled lateral/directional maneuvers. Aircraft design to overcome adverse yaw, spirals and Dutch rolls. Four performance charts (based on seven general aviation single-engine aircraft) give you a way of quickly estimating the performance of a unique design or to cross-check a manufacturers performance claims. Aircraft frontal area and its effect on drag. Good engineering practices in homebuilt aircraft. A look at fastener-related problem areas. Advice on the dangers in making unnecessary structural modifications to a homebuilt aircraft. Backside of the power curve phenomenon is explained. Biplanes. A look at the strengths and weaknesses of this design. Part 1. Biplanes. A look at the strengths and weaknesses of this design. Part 2. Drawing conclusions. An introduction to aircraft drawing and drafting practices. Biplanes. A look at the strengths and weaknesses of this design. Part 3. What you need to know when designing a biplane. Tandem-wing aircraft. A look at the strengths and weaknesses of this design. Part 1. Design tradeoffs. Doing low-cost load testing of aircraft structures using scale models. Designing for flight. How to determine the appropriate amount of stability for a particular aircraft design. Tandem-wing aircraft. A look at the strengths and weaknesses of this design. Part 2. Aerodynamics. Tandem-wing aircraft. A look at the strengths and weaknesses of this design. Part 3. Case study of the famous Mignet Flying Flea design (circa 1933). Glossary of terminology used in aircraft design. Pitch sensitivity in homebuilt aircraft and very small airplanes. Making it behave. Designing for proper stall characteristics. Determining the source of longitudinal (pitch) stability problems. Part 1. Determining the source of longitudinal (pitch) stability problems. Part 2. A review of data compiled by NACA (circa 1939-1945) on the nature of drag that can help the light plane designer. Determining the source of longitudinal (pitch) stability problems. Part 3. Determining the source of longitudinal (pitch) stability problems. Part 4. Correcting the problems. Determining the source of longitudinal (pitch) stability problems. Part 5. Mechanical solutions to stick-force pitch sensitivity problems. Tufting. Visualize the changing airflow patterns around an airplane by taping "tufts" of yarn or string on various outer surfaces and observing (or photographing) their positions. The importance of determining standardized, nondimensionalized test data when conducting an aerodynamic test or analysis. Anatomy of a turn (one of the basic flight maneuvers). Part 1. The forces and phenomena associated with turns. An organized approach to the airplane design process. Part 1. Determining the requirements, mission, goals, constraints, and configuration. An organized approach to the airplane design process. Part 2. Initial design considerations. Selecting the major volumes, preliminary weights, engine/propeller and flying surfaces. An organized approach to the airplane design process. Part 3. Starting the layout process. Initial sketches, spar placement, weight and balance, wing size, etc. An organized approach to the airplane design process. Part 4. Balance and center-of-gravity calculations. An organized approach to the airplane design process. Part 5. Controlling the weight of an aircraft. An examination of useful load, flight envelope, aspect ratio, skin thickness, wetted area, materials, etc. Designing the aircraft fuselage. Looks at force, shear, bending moments, drag, etc. A look at wing position from the designer's point of view. The debate on high-wing vs. low-wing. A look at wing position from the designer's point of view. Wing placement is a key element in aircraft configuration. Looks at the impact on wing bracing, struts, fuel systems, landing gear, etc. A look at wing position from the designer's point of view. Aerodynamics of high-wing vs. low-wing. Looks at drag, wing/fuselage junctions, stall, and lateral stability. Designing sport airplanes. Part 1. Criteria for recreational airplanes. Designing sport airplanes. Part 2. Safety in the design of sport aircraft. Landing considerations. Designing sport airplanes. Part 3. Crash alleviation and crash survivability. Designing sport airplanes. Part 4. Common problems to guard against. Designing sport airplanes. Part 5. Design and functioning of the cockpit flight controls. Designing sport airplanes. Part 6. Crash survivability (continued). Getting sharp. Sharp edges on aircraft have various effects (mostly bad, but some good). A realistic look at the use of sharp edges in aircraft design. Designing sport airplanes. Part 7. Avoiding aircraft fires. Drag reduction. Reducing external airflow drag rather than adding power. Maneuvering speed. An explanation of a critical airspeed that both designers and pilots need to understand. Getting it together. Advice on checking the design for mechanical joining (such as bolting or riveting) of composite components. A tale of tails. There is more to aircraft tail design that might be apparent. A look at stability, location, control, airfoils, mechanical design, trim, and flutter. Aerodynamic effects of open cockpit aircraft are examined. Spins. Part 1. History, accidents, spin training, and the three phases of the spin flight condition. Spins. Part 2. How the design of an aircraft affects spin recovery. Spins. Part 3. Design of tail surfaces for spin recovery. Spins. Part 4. Preventive design measures. Spins. Part 5. Foiling stalls. The aerodynamics of rotation and stalls. Beyond maneuvering speed. A look at the flight envelope for more information on load limits of aircraft design. Airborne vortices pose interesting problems (and solutions) for aircraft designers. A look at wingtip vortices, vortex generators, etc. The dynamics of turning an aircraft and the options available to an aircraft designer for minimizing the problems caused by adverse yaw. Balancing act. An explanation of the difference between static and dynamic balance in aircraft control surface design. Aerodynamic design considerations for short takeoff and landing (STOL) aircraft. The aerodynamics of an airfoil stall. Determining wing size when designing aircraft. Aircraft joints. How effective load distribution at joints and fasteners can save wear and tear on a homebuilt. Part 1. Spar joints. Boosting performance. How aircraft design, construction, and pilot technique determines the result. Pitch trim and how it affects the forward c.g. limit. Aircraft joints. How effective load distribution at joints and fasteners can save wear and tear on a homebuilt. Part 2. Joints that rely on adhesives or fusing. Designing an airplane for safety in the event of an accident. The amateur scientist. A field formula for calculating the speed and flight efficiency of a soaring bird. Based on the work of Paul MacCready, experimenter with human-powered aircraft. Design ideas for a "laminar ultralight" based on the construction of the S-2 powered glider. Effects of rain or surface contamination on pitch stability and control of the Rutan Aircraft designs. Effects of rain and bugs on flight behavior of tail-first (canard and tandem-wing) airplanes. Part 1. Effects of rain and bugs on flight behavior of tail-first airplanes. Part 2. Effects of rain and bugs on flight behavior of tail-first airplanes. Part 3. A look at stall warning devices, both stall strips and stall warning horns. Over weight. An analysis of the connection between aircraft weight and load testing of aircraft. The concentration and distribution of loads in aircraft design. Structural testing of the Lancair 200. Testing procedures and computer programs are described. Dynamic pressure and your airplane. Models for test and designing homebuilt aircraft. Tips on building and using radio controlled models as a poor man's "wind tunnel". Dynamic modeling. Part 1. Use of free-flight, dynamically-similar models in estimating full scale aircraft behavior. Dynamic modeling. Part 2. Testing of structurally-scaled, sacrificial models as an aid to full scale design. Design analysis. A critical analysis of Ken Rand's KR-2 homebuilt sportplane. Understanding the "flight envelope" of an aircraft. Designing your homebuilt. John Roncz explains how to use simple spreadsheet computer programs to help design an airplane. Part 1. Wing design. Designing your homebuilt. Part 2. Sizing your wings. Designing your homebuilt. Part 3. Wing incidence and tail size. Designing your homebuilt. Part 4. Forward sweep and the great tire crisis. Designing your homebuilt. Part 5. Questions and answers covering the first 4 articles. Designing your homebuilt. Part 6. Tail incidence. Designing your homebuilt. Part 7. Tail incidence (continued). Designing your homebuilt. Part 8. Tail incidence (continued). Designing your homebuilt. Part 9. Tail incidence (continued). Designing your homebuilt. Part 10. Ground effect. Designing your homebuilt. Part 11. Canards or three surface airplanes. How they work and what you need to know in order to design an unconventional airplane. Designing your homebuilt. Part 12. Evolution of a homebuilt design. Changes since the May 1990 "final" design and the reasons for them. Composite beam (wing spar) design using a computer spreadsheet program. Structural testing of homebuilts. Why and how to perform load testing of composite aircraft wings and interpret the results. Wing strength and its torsional stiffness. What can be learned about aircraft design by testing a wing all the way to destruction. Drag reduction possibilities. The four ways to reduce drag are discussed. Ideas for cowls, wheel pants, control surface gaps, exhaust pipes, etc. Computerized stress analysis of three-dimensional steel tube airframes. An introduction to using PC computers for this task. Designing the horizontal tail. Excerpts from "The Basic Glider Criteria Handbook". Design ideas apply to all movable tail surfaces for either glider or powered aircraft. Minimizing fuselage drag. Inverse pressure gradient matching ... and other ideas for designing fast, low wing airplanes that climb and turn quickly. Laminar flow fuselages with pusher configuration propellers. A look at the implications of this design concept. An analysis of the roll reversal exhibited by some aircraft. A look at the inextricable link between the lateral (roll) axis and the directional (yaw) axis. Roll damping. A look at the physical factors which determine an airplane's roll behavior between the time the aileron deflection is changed and the new steady-state roll rate is achieved. Dynamic analysis of two pusher aircraft. Applying Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis to see what can be learned from two unique designs. How airplanes fly. A physical description of lift. | |||||||||
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