Detailed entries for one subject from the INDEX TO HOW TO DO IT INFORMATION.
Click on a see also (sa) or tracing (xx) to view detailed entries about a related subject.
The entries are in alphabetical order by magazine name and then in chronological sequence.
To obtain a copy of any magazine article contact your local public library or the publisher.

Memory mapped I/O. How to convert direct addressed output ports to memory addressed output ports on an 8080 based system. It requires the addition of two more integrated circuits and is useful to those who program extensively in assembly language.
BYTE Nov 1977 (v.2#11) pg. 10

How to save software by using a UART for serial I/O. Write all software for parallel I/O, then use a UART to transmit to serial devices.
BYTE Dec 1977 (v.2#12) pg. 164

Speeding up Motorola MIKBUG ROM I/O routines involves adding a simple circuit.
BYTE Jun 1978 (v.3#6) pg. 132

What is an interrupt? Learn how to use peripherals efficiently with interrupts. Basic concepts, terminology, and sequence of processing events that must occur.
BYTE Mar 1979 (v.4#3) pg. 230

Simultaneous input and output for your 8080. How the wraparound queue works and how to implement it on 8080 computer systems.
BYTE May 1979 (v.4#5) pg. 164

Program for the Motorola 6800 microcomputer allows the loading of ASCII text into the desired memory location directly from your terminal.
BYTE Sep 1979 (v.4#9) pg. 129

M6800 program to load ASCII characters into memory using MIKBUG and MP-C interface.
BYTE Oct 1979 (v.4#10) pg. 246

Five useful programs for the SC/MP minimum computer system. The routines can be converted to other small systems, such as the COSMAC VIP and the KIM. They include a program to print an ASCII message, a prompting-input-reply routine, a time delay loop, addition routine, and multiplication routine.
BYTE Nov 1979 (v.4#11) pg. 186

A quad terminal interface allows three or four peripherals to share a single interface port on a PDP-11 computer.
BYTE Feb 1980 (v.5#2) pg. 116

I/O expansion for the Radio Shack TRS-80. Part 1. Principles of parallel ports.
BYTE May 1980 (v.5#5) pg. 22
Added Info BYTE Jan 1981 (v.6#1) pg. 286

I/O expansion for the TRS-80. Part 2. Serial ports. An RS-232 interface compatable with existing TRS-80 serial-interface control software.
BYTE Jun 1980 (v.5#6) pg. 42

A multiple machine loader for classroom computers. Load programs into 24 computers from a single system equipped with floppy disk. Simple interface circuits for TRS-80, Apple II, and Commodore PET are shown.
BYTE Oct 1980 (v.5#10) pg. 90

Using computers to automatically test electronic hardware. Describes the use of a TRS-80 computer to test the COMM-80 serial/parallel I/O interface (described in the May & June 1980 issues).
BYTE Dec 1980 (v.5#12) pg. 44

Using the 6502 interrupt system on the Apple II computer.
BYTE May 1981 (v.6#5) pg. 280

Circuit which will sound a "beep" if a pulse does not happen on the Data Accepted line of a parallel port within a set time period after the pulse on the Data Ready line.
BYTE May 1981 (v.6#5) pg. 392

Indirect I/O addressing on the 8080. Routine described uses the stack together with a return instruction.
BYTE Aug 1981 (v.6#8) pg. 402

Clocked interrupts for the COSMAC Elf. Hardware and software provide video-display and variable-period interrupts.
BYTE Jan 1982 (v.7#1) pg. 304

Add a Motorola 6820 peripheral interface adapter (PIA) to your Apple II.
BYTE Jan 1982 (v.7#1) pg. 324

The input/output primer. Part 1. What is I/O?
BYTE Feb 1982 (v.7#2) pg. 122

The input/output primer. Part 2. Interrupts and direct memory access.
BYTE Mar 1982 (v.7#3) pg. 126

Three inexpensive hardware/software projects to let you use the cassette port of a TRS-80 Model I or III for a tone generator, telephone dialer, and RS-232C output channel.
BYTE Apr 1982 (v.7#4) pg. 158

The input/output primer. Part 3. The parallel and HPIB (IEEE-488) interfaces.
BYTE Apr 1982 (v.7#4) pg. 186

The input/output primer. Part 4. The BCD (binary-coded decimal) and serial interfaces.
BYTE May 1982 (v.7#5) pg. 202

Hierarchical interrupts. An alternative to the "daisy chain" system.
BYTE May 1982 (v.7#5) pg. 457

The input/output primer. Part 5. Character codes.
BYTE Jun 1982 (v.7#6) pg. 242

A general-purpose I/O board for the Radio Shack Color Computer. Plugs into the ROM cartridge slot and provides 24 lines (bits) of I/O. Est. cost: $25.
BYTE Jun 1982 (v.7#6) pg. 260
Correction BYTE Sep 1983 (v.8#9) pg. 502

The input/output primer. Part 6. Interrupts, buffers, grounds, and signal degradation.
BYTE Jul 1982 (v.7#7) pg. 34

Using the TRS-80 Model I & III RS-232C interface. Includes instructions for building a data-communications plugboard to facilitate hooking up nonstandard devices to the port.
BYTE Jul 1982 (v.7#7) pg. 360

A general-purpose I/O board for the TRS-80 Models I & III. The system bus is described and plans are presented for an interface board with 24 lines of discrete input/output.
BYTE Aug 1982 (v.7#8) pg. 291

Adaptive-firmware card for the Apple II. Alternative input techniques give physically disabled individuals immediate access to standard, unmodified software (such as games, Visicalc, Easywriter, etc.).
BYTE Sep 1982 (v.7#9) pg. 276

The enhanced VIC-20. Part 4. Connecting serial RS-232C peripherals to the VIC's TTL port.
BYTE May 1983 (v.8#5) pg. 331

The ins and outs of the TRS-80 Color Computer. How the Color Computer interfaces with the outside world.
BYTE May 1983 (v.8#5) pg. 438

How to adapt the COMM-80 Expansion Interface (designed for the TRS-80) to work with the Sinclair ZX80.
BYTE Jun 1983 (v.8#6) pg. 462

Parallel I/O ports for Heath-/Zenith-89 computers. Add 64 input/output ports plus a Centronics-type printer interface. Est. cost: $80.
BYTE Jul 1983 (v.8#7) pg. 210

In-circuit emulation for the Apple II computer. Convert your Apple into a host computer for testing a target system's hardware and software.
BYTE Sep 1983 (v.8#9) pg. 419

Upgrading your PC ROM BIOS. How to stretch your older computer's capabilities by substituting a correctly matched later-version BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) chip.
COMPUTERCRAFT Apr 1991 (v.1#1) pg. 14

An optical output port (interface) for your computer relies on attaching one or more photodiode sensors directly to the computer's screen.
COMPUTERCRAFT Oct 1991 (v.1#7) pg. 72

Buffered interface between a serial (RS-232) and/or parallel port protects the computer from accidental shorts or misdirected power in home-built peripherals. Est. cost: $30.
COMPUTERCRAFT Oct 1992 (v.2#10) pg. 32

Tabular listings and pinout drawings for serial, printer and mouse ports, and video interfaces.
COMPUTERCRAFT Feb 1993 (v.3#2) pg. 47

Tabular listings and pinout drawings for floppy-disk, hard-disk, and SCSI interfaces.
COMPUTERCRAFT Mar 1993 (v.3#3) pg. 47
Correction COMPUTERCRAFT Jul 1993 (v.3#7) pg. 46

Tabular listings and pinout drawings for local-area network connections, power-supply connections, MIDI interface, null modem connector, RJ-11 connector, and adapters.
COMPUTERCRAFT Apr 1993 (v.3#4) pg. 45

IRQ (interrupt request) sharing. Adding a simple circuit to a peripheral card lets two hardware devices share the same IRQ.
COMPUTERCRAFT Oct 1993 (v.3#10) pg. 44

Computer theory. The UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter). How to design your own serial I/O ports.
COMPUTERS & PROGRAMMING Sep-Oct 1981 (v.21#5) pg. 24

External switch poller (ESP) for a TRS-80 computer allows it to sense seven external switches via the cassette port. Useful in connection with electronic games which require players to push a button.
COMPUTERS & PROGRAMMING Sep-Oct 1981 (v.21#5) pg. 53

Build an experimenter's I/O card for the IBM PC expansion bus. The card contains three 8-bit parallel ports. Several circuit for interfacing LEDs, switches, and other devices are described (as well as the software required to configure and use the I/O ports).
ELECTRONICS EXPERIMENTERS HANDBOOK 1992 pg. 125

Add a switch to enable or disable conflicting serial ports by allowing jumpers to be turned on/off as needed.
ELECTRONICS HOBBYISTS HANDBOOK Fall 1995 pg. 41

Fundamentals of SCSI (small computer system interface) explained.
ELECTRONICS NOW Apr 1994 (v.65#4) pg. 85

Serial port output. (1) Circuit lets you control up to eight external devices (such as relays) from the RS-232 serial port of a computer. (2) Explanation of the start bit, data bits and stop bits that are always sent by a serial port.
ELECTRONICS NOW Jun 1996 (v.67#6) pg. 9

How to do parallel port I/O under Windows 95. Looks at both hardware and software.
ELECTRONICS NOW Jun 1997 (v.68#6) pg. 27

Protect your computer's parallel port with this optical isolator interface.
ELECTRONICS NOW Jun 1999 (v.70#6) pg. 34

Add a RS-232 port to your Sinclair ZX81 or Timex Sinclair 1000 computer.
HANDS-ON ELECTRONICS Spring 1985 (v.2#4) pg. 65
Correction HANDS-ON ELECTRONICS May 1987 (v.4#5) pg. 6

Digital fundamentals. Part 9. Input/output operations used with microcomputers. Looks at programmed I/O, memory-mapped I/O, interrupt I/O, and direct-memory access (DMA).
HANDS-ON ELECTRONICS Sep-Oct 1986 (v.3#5) pg. 77

How to interface IBM-clone PC's with serial peripherals (printer, modem, etc.). Requires the use of all handshake connections.
HANDS-ON ELECTRONICS Aug 1987 (v.4#8) pg. 24

How to increase the baud rate of the SWTP 6800 microcomputer to 9600 by making a simple wiring change. Includes a patch routine for running MITS BASIC on the SWTP microcomputer.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #14 Feb 1978 pg. 58
Correction KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #18 Jun 1978 pg. 112

Troubleshooter's guide. Getting started tackling repair and interfacing problems.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #21 Sep 1978 pg. 40

I/O circuitry. Part 1. How the interface connects to the I/O device.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #22 Oct 1978 pg. 46

Simple hardware and software changes will allow you to use the parity line to generate more than the 128 ASCII codes normally available.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #22 Oct 1978 pg. 94

I/O circuitry. Part 2. Parallel and serial I/O ports.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #23 Nov 1978 pg. 38

I/O circuitry. Part 3. How an I/O interface connects to the microprocessor.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #24 Dec 1978 pg. 48

Sharing scheme for RS-232 serial devices allows several devices to share a single I/O port. Requires only simple resistors and diodes to be connected between device and port.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #24 Dec 1978 pg. 100

Baud rate control for the SWTP. A control box with a switch allows you to select either 110 or 300 baud. Useful when running a slow printer (TTY) and a faster video or cassette on the same system.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #25 Jan 1979 pg. 94

I/O circuitry. Part 4. Specialized I/O integrated circuits and the function of interrupts.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #26 Feb 1979 pg. 28

PET user port cookbook. Excerpts from a new book tells how to use the user port. This port features 8 bidirectional lines and 2 handshake lines. Several application circuits and programs demonstrate the use of this port. Included is a unique low-cost alternative to a joystick that is easier to use.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #27 Mar 1979 pg. 62

I/O circuitry. Part 5. How the 8080 and Z80 handle interrupts. How direct memory access works.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #27 Mar 1979 pg. 108

Programming the 1802. How to input and output data. How to perform addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #27 Mar 1979 pg. 122

Product review of the George Morrow (Thinker Toys) cassette and general-purpose I/O interface called the "Speakeasy".
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #29 May 1979 pg. 110

Peripheral interfacing. How to connect TTY (Teletype) or TTL (transistor-transistor logic) interfaces to the serial RS-232 port of your computer. Est. cost: $7.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #30 Jun 1979 pg. 120

Protect the I/O ports of a KIM-1 microcomputer with this bidirectional buffer. The buffer will both read and write to an external circuit. The buffer will also sink or source a greater current than the port can handle.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #31 Jul 1979 pg. 60

Thoughts on the SWTP computer system. Part 3. A look at the MP-S and MP-C interfaces, their advantages and disadvantages.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #31 Jul 1979 pg. 100

How to have two different data (baud) rates when using both the RS-232 interface and the cassette interface on Percom's CI-812 board.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #32 Aug 1979 pg. 76

How to use a monitor in ROM with TTL output to drive a visual-display memory board that gets its data directly from the data bus.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #32 Aug 1979 pg. 99

Serial output for the SWTP editor-assembler. A patch routine allows printed output from the SWTP 8K BASIC and co-resident editor-assembler to be output via the serial port instead of the parallel port.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #33 Sep 1979 pg. 55

Another KIM-1 expansion. Package the KIM-1, add a TTL serial interface, and add 24K more memory using 2114's. Est. cost: $300.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #33 Sep 1979 pg. 130

Bit rate clocks for your serial interface. A review of alternative methods for generating the needed clock frequencies for UARTs.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #34 Oct 1979 pg. 138

UART interface circuit will speed up the I/O on an ELF microcomputer.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #34 Oct 1979 pg. 154
Correction KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #38 Feb 1980 pg. 212

How to handle interrupts with an 8080-based system doing data acquisition and environmental control. One assembly language and two BASIC language interrupt handling routines are described.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #37 Jan 1980 pg. 180

BASIC routine to read a parallel port to determine which of 8 switches wired to the port has been closed. A printer message indicates how long after the program started that particular switch closed.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #39 Mar 1980 pg. 100

Profile of the Electronic Systems (San Jose CA) TRS-80 serial I/O board and sample programs. Estimated cost: $80.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #40 Apr 1980 pg. 100

Communicate with the COSMAC CDP1802 through a UART or ACIA using this 565 byte monitor stored in ROM.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #41 May 1980 pg. 132

PET I/O port expander. Part 1. Allows a parallel port to be switched among 6 different devices. LEDs show the status of each line and device. Expander includes its own power supply and motherboard May be adapted to other computers.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #42 Jun 1980 pg. 58

Add handshaking to Apple's high speed serial interface card. Does NOT require a software patch.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #43 Jul 1980 pg. 136

Baud-rate generator. Inexpensive TV color-burst crystal provides the basic frequency for this generator circuit which produces UART clock frequencies for ten standard baud rates (110-4800).
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #43 Jul 1980 pg. 182

Kilobaud klassroom. Part 21. Expand the memory and I/O capability of your homebuilt computer, plus a look at programming the computer.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #46 Oct 1980 pg. 60

"Electrocardiogram" for your computer. Circuit sounds an alarm if a computer system fails. Useful in real time control applications.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #47 Nov 1980 pg. 48

Microcomputer hardware for the handicapped. Single-key data entry concept is demonstrated using a PET computer.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #47 Nov 1980 pg. 173

Build a phase-lock loop UART clock synthesizer for a 6800-based system. Estimated cost: $6.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #47 Nov 1980 pg. 184

Programming Heath's USART using assembly-language routines. Some tips.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #48 Dec 1980 pg. 216

Thoughts on the SWTP computer system. Serial port handshaking, abort switch, power supply modifications, Percom video board driver software, etc.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #49 Jan 1981 (v.5#1) pg. 82

Getting the most from your Heath H8. A potpourri of interfacing information not easily obtained from the Heath manuals.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #50 Feb 1981 (v.5#2) pg. 95

Energize those OSI peripheral ports. Hardware modification for the C1P or Superboard II readies your system for a printer or modem. Est. cost: $20.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #52 Apr 1981 (v.5#4) pg. 80

Use a joystick or switches to program a PET computer. May be applicable to persons with physical handicaps.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #59 Nov 1981 (v.5#11) pg. 66

Construct a parallel port board for the OSI C1P. Uses the Intel 8212 I/O port IC.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #59 Nov 1981 (v.5#11) pg. 136

Interface a Teletype to the Exidy Sorcerer computer. Includes assembly-language program for the Model 33 machine.
KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING #60 Dec 1981 (v.5#12) pg. 76

Program to assist you in determining the code necessary to initialize a PIA (peripheral interface adapter) device. Written in 6800 BASIC for the SWTPC computer.
MICROCOMPUTING Mar 1982 (v.6#3) pg. 50

Enhance Atari I/O capabilities. Learn how to use the Atari's built-in I/O handlers to extend the types of programs you can run on the 800 system.
MICROCOMPUTING Aug 1982 (v.6#8) pg. 28

A quick and dirty input port. Convert an unused ROM space to add another input port to a single board computer.
MICROCOMPUTING Sep 1982 (v.6#9) pg. 110

Hardware parallel interface circuit for the Sinclair ZX81 lets you connect to outside devices.
MICROCOMPUTING Dec 1982 (v.6#12) pg. 108

Understanding and using the complex interface adapter (CIA) found on the Commodore-64 computer.
MICROCOMPUTING #80 Aug 1983 (v.7#8) pg. 18

From joysticks to tablets. An introduction to position entry devices.
MICROCOMPUTING Sep 1984 (v.8#9) pg. 44

Cure computer clutter. "Switcheroo" device lets you switch between color TV and video monitor, and between Koala Pad and joystick on an APPLE IIe computer.
MODERN ELECTRONICS [2] Oct 1985 (v.2#4) pg. 30

UART's explained. A look at Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitters and some typical applications in computers.
MODERN ELECTRONICS [2] Apr 1986 (v.3#4) pg. 79

A cassette-to-RS232 adapter for Radio Shack Color Computers. Connects a printer to the cassette port of CoCo computers and doubles the number of available serial ports.
MODERN ELECTRONICS [2] Dec 1986 (v.3#12) pg. 50
Correction MODERN ELECTRONICS [2] Feb 1987 (v.4#2) pg. 92

Motorola's MC14411 programmable bit rate generator IC is described.
MODERN ELECTRONICS [2] Feb 1988 (v.5#2) pg. 70

I/O add-on enhances Micro-Sys (a single-board computer project). It adds 24 output lines, 16 input lines and 4 programmable interrupt lines.
MODERN ELECTRONICS [2] Sep 1990 (v.7#9) pg. 39

Understanding the UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter) will help you in using it in a data terminal.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS [1] Jun 1975 (v.7#6) pg. 43

Programming for interrupts in real time programming. How to service many input signals.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS [1] Jan 1976 (v.9#1) pg. 88

A look at Optoelectronic couplers used in interface applications. Circuits shown for a (1) Logic level translator, (2) computer/peripheral interface and (3) typical teletypwriter interface circuit.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS [1] May 1978 (v.13#5) pg. 66

How to add I/O ports to microcomputers. The basics of computer port operation and instructions for using them to expand computer flexibility.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS [1] Oct 1979 (v.16#4) pg. 50

A simple interface and software make it possible to connect the Radio Shack "Pocket computer" (same as Sharp PC-1211) to the larger TRS-80 Model 1 computer. Enables you to get full-size printouts of pocket computer programs. Est. cost: $50.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS [1] Jun 1982 (v.20#6) pg. 43

Multi-zone computing. How to have the input/display portion of your computer (monitor, keyboard, and mouse) in a different location, away from your CPU.
POPULAR HOME AUTOMATION Sep 1999 (v.4#5) pg. 49

An interface and program for a simplified software UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter). How to use software in place of a hardware device to transmit an eleven-bit ASCII word at a teletype speed of 110 baud.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Jan 1977 (v.48#1) pg. 22

The 8253 programmable interface timer IC. Part 1. A demonstration program for the Intel 8253 programmable interval timer. This program is used in connection with an 8080 computer to illustrate the various modes of operation of the timer.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Aug 1978 (v.49#8) pg. 64

The 8253 programmable interface timer IC. Part 2. Characteristics of the timer.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Sep 1978 (v.49#9) pg. 74

TRS-80 breadboard. Build this device so you can design, prototype, and safely connect various circuits to your Radio Shack TRS-80 computer. Est. cost: $164. Part 1.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Nov 1979 (v.50#11) pg. 43

TRS-80 breadboard. Part 2.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Dec 1979 (v.50#12) pg. 51

TRS-80 breadboard. Part 3. Experiments to show how the device works.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Jan 1980 (v.51#1) pg. 52

Use a PIA (peripheral interface adaptor) IC for simpler microprocessor based circuits.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Nov 1980 (v.51#11) pg. 58

How to interface several types of popular 8-bit microprocessor IC's to provide TTL inputs and outputs, or to control relays or high voltage devices.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Jan 1983 (v.54#1) pg. 59
Added Info RADIO-ELECTRONICS Jun 1983 (v.54#6) pg. 24

VIC-20 expander. Build this expansion port for your VIC-20 computer. Provides three (or more) additional ports. Est. cost: $20.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Jan 1985 (v.56#1) pg. 15 (ComputerDigest)

RS-232 monitor/control system. Hardware and software of an I/O control system that interfaces to your personal computer through an RS-232 port, is modular, and has full duplex operation for both input and output. Est. cost: $50.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Aug 1988 (v.59#8) pg. 83, 68
Correction RADIO-ELECTRONICS Sep 1988 (v.59#9) pg. 16

Port-A-Matic. Part 1. Board plugs into the expansion bus of an IBM-compatible PC and provides a three-digit hex display of the port address and a 1-of-16 indication of which device is connected to the port. Est. cost: $75.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Jan 1990 (v.61#1) pg. 81

Port-A-Matic. Part 2.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Feb 1990 (v.61#2) pg. 75, 60

Secure your hard disk with PC Access. An accessory board provides a more secure hardware/software procedure for accessing your computer. Est. cost: $34.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Apr 1990 (v.61#4) pg. 69

Experimenter's I/O card for the IBM PC expansion bus. The card contains three eight-bit parallel ports and can interface with LED's, switches, and other devices.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Jun 1990 (v.61#6) pg. 73
Added Info RADIO-ELECTRONICS Sep 1990 (v.61#9) pg. 12

Utility program to indicate when an IBM-PC is executing a Print Screen operation.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS Sep 1991 (v.62#9) pg. 12
Correction RADIO-ELECTRONICS Dec 1991 (v.62#12) pg. 14

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