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Detailed entries for one subject from the INDEX TO HOW TO DO IT INFORMATION. |
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OSCILLATOR sa ELECTRIC LIGHT BULB FLASHER sa GRID DIP METER sa LIGHT EMITTING DIODE FLASHER sa PENDULUM sa SIGNAL GENERATOR xx AMPLIFIER xx ELECTRONICS xx SIGNAL GENERATOR The tape-tweaker's pal. Instrument for aligning a tape recorder has three sections (variable-frequency oscillator, spot-frequency oscillator, and a spot THD analyzer). Also useful for checking frequency response and midband distortion on any piece of audio gear. Part 1. The tape-tweaker's Pal. Part 2. Performance specs, an essay on tweaking, and construction details. A voltage-controlled resistance for Wien bridge oscillators. A tape calibration oscillator. Adjust the bias and record level of a three-head (or two-head) cassette recorder using this dual frequency calibration oscillator (a conventional Wein bridge oscillator using a dual op amp integrated circuit). A tone-burst oscillator adjunct. A battery-powered tone-burst converter for an audio oscillator. Precision sine-wave oscillator. Build an integrated high-quality low-distortion sine-wave oscillator for the Hewlett-Packard HP-334A Distortion Analyzer in order to test audio circuits. A filtered audio oscillator. Build a different type of audio oscillator that generates a variable frequency square wave and then filters it so that only the first-harmonic sine wave remains. Multivibrator circuit made with a pair of VMOS MOSFETs. An adjustable rate dual LED flasher with enable input which uses the multivibrator is also shown. This voltage-controlled oscillator circuit with RAMs will synthesize any waveshape you can imagine without using complex filters. Test circuit will allow anyone to closely match R or C components. It also serves as a test oscillator and secondary R or C measuring circuit. The practical aspects of VFO (variable-frequency oscillator) design plus how to build one. VFO interfacing. Using solid-state VFOs (variable-frequency oscillators) to drive vacuum-tube transmitters. The Vackar high-stability L-C oscillator. Built as a shielded modular unit for a HF amateur-band receiver. Schematic for a minimum component, ultra-simple crystal oscillator which uses the HA7210 8-pin IC. Simple design tip tells how to get any frequency desired out of an oscillator circuit. Neon lamps, their theory and some simple applications in oscillator and multivibrator circuits. The 555. A versatile monolithic timer/oscillator integrated circuit. Part 1. Learn to use the 555 and 556 timer IC in practical circuits to obtain accurate time delays and square waves. The 555. A versatile monolithic timer/oscillator integrated circuit. Part 2. Self-triggering oscillator circuits. Build circuits that generate a variety of square or rectangular waveforms, wail like sirens, etc. The 555. A versatile monolithic timer/oscillator integrated circuit. Part 3. Using in a Schmitt trigger, or as the heart of light and temperature alarms and drivers, a metronome, and a continuity tester. Simple crystal oscillator circuit uses an extra gate found on a 4049 inverting hex buffer IC. The 555. A versatile monolithic timer/oscillator integrated circuit. Part 4. Sawtooth generator, ramp generator, time-base generator, frequency meter, tachometer for a car, etc. Crystal oscillators. Learn the fundamentals of crystal resonators. How and why they work in oscillators and frequency standards. Part 1. Resonators based on the piezoelectric effect. Crystal oscillators. Part 2. Fundamentals of all transistorized oscillator circuits. How to get a 50% duty cycle by carefully choosing the components in a 555 oscillator circuit. Oscillators. Learn about transistor oscillators and multivibrators that generate useful sine and square waves. Wave shaping. Learn the basics of waveform generation and shaping with bipolar transistor circuits that you can build. Includes circuits for multivibrators, schmitt trigger, pulse generator, etc. Waveform generator circuits. Learn about Wien-bridge and twin-T oscillator circuits. Putting them to work in your circuit designs. Oscillator circuit which imitates the sound of a heartbeat. Using the Signetics NE602 (a monolithic IC containing a double-balanced mixer and an internal oscillator circuit designed for radio frequency use). Modern version of the classic Hewlett-Packard Model 200 audio oscillator. Circuit for a super-slow oscillator which produces a squarewave with a period of 30 days (one cycle per 30 days). Oscillator circuit with an output frequency that falls from 500 Hz to 0 Hz and reaches a steady +5 volts after several seconds. Cheap, precise 0.5-Hz oscillator. Schmitt-trigger circuit that converts a standard analog quartz clock circuit into a digital time base. Audio gets easier. Using the new LM4862 audio amplifier chip. Several amplifier and oscillator circuits shown. Improving the low-frequency transistor multivibrator. Multivibrator uses unijunction transistors to produce excellent square waves without the aid of other semiconductors. Mono-cycle multivibrator circuit uses unijunction transistors. FET sine-wave crystal oscillator circuits produce linear sine-wave output with low harmonics. Silicon-controlled switch crystal-controlled oscillator operates at 100 KHz. Monostable multivibrator with very low idling current that can be built with one semiconductor. Silicon controlled switch multivibrator. Waveshaping with logic gates. Schmitt triggers and monostable multivibrators can be made from IC "nand" gates. Relaxation oscillators. A collection of tried and tested circuits using various types of solid-state switches that can be employed for pulse generation. Step-by-step designing of a versatile sine-wave audio oscillator. An encapsilated oscillator forms an intriguing, blinking, do-nothing circuit. Topped with a desk pen, it forms a unique desk ornament. Est. cost $11. Explanation of Y-type and Z-type oscillators, some practical experiments with them, and their relationship to the Hartley and Colpitts circuits. Multivibrator circuits and how they work. Circuit for a basic 1000-Hz oscillator is suitable for testing audio equipment, signal tracing, or tape recorder bias adjustments. Uses a 741-type op-amp in the circuit. Circuit for a Pierce crystal oscillator which can be the clock for a microprocessor, digital timepiece or a calculator. Oscar, an inexpensive audio oscillator with a frequency range from 30-Hz up to 25-kHz. Estimated cost: $20. Circuit for a two-transistor astable multivibrator. Circuit for a flip-flop configured as a monostable multivibrator. CMOS phase-locked loops. Part 2. Practical applications of PLL circuits. Circuits include (1) frequency meter upconverter, (2) frequency-to-voltage converter, (3) frequency synthesis, (4) double sync oscillator, (5) adjustable tone detector, and (6) FM demodulator. Astable multivibrator. A demonstration circuit using LEDs shows how astable multivibrators work. Electro-mechanical circuit can amplify or oscillate without the aid of vacuum tube or solid-state device. Circuit for a two-stage amplifier also shown. Emitter-coupled oscillator is a handy circuit when an audio- or radio-frequency signal is needed for testing purposes. All about timer IC's. Experiments to explain the operation of the 555 timer IC and build useful circuits using the 555 timer. Circuits include astable and monostable multivibrators. Rubber Crystal Oscillator combines the best features of a stable crystal oscillator and a tunable Colpitts. Practical op-amp experiments. (1) Wein bridge oscillator. (2) Phase shift oscillator. Practical op-amp experiments. Twin-T oscillator. Practical op-amp experiments. (1) The astable multivibrator. (2) The monostable multivibrator. Schematic of a simple oscillator (transmitter) which is useful in teaching resonance, capacitance, inductance, semiconductors, blocking circuits, etc. Circuit for a low power 1-Hz oscillator (square-wave source). A multi-function oscillator circuit uses two transistors. Applications include a code-practice oscillator, lamp and LED flashers, audio oscillator, dc-to-dc upconverter, relay control, and pulse generator. Relaxtion oscillators. Looks at electronic relaxation oscillators, basic relaxation oscillators, neon-lamp oscillator, four-layer diode oscillator, SCR oscillator, UJT oscillator, avalanche transistor oscillator, optoelectric oscillator, and software oscillators. Surface-mount-device circuits: A design and construction guide. Projects include using SMCs (surface-mountable components) to produce a subminiature LED tone transmitter, A/D converter LED bargraph or metering circuit, and light-sensitive oscillator (probe). A primer on designing sine-wave audio oscillators. Experimenting with surplus goodies. Ideas for elapsed-time indicators, electroluminescent panels, 60-Hz oscillator module, and chart recorder. Experimenting with crystal oscillators. Circuits include (1) unijunction-transistor oscillator, (2) CMOS crystal oscillator, (3) clock-generator, (4) 60-Hz timebase generator, (5) LED driver, (6) 1-Hz timebase, (7) r-f marker transmitter, and (8) 2-to-9-kHz frequency synthesizer. Transistorized BFO circuit. Four-way transistor oscillator produces square waves and other patterns. Modern VFO's incorporate Clapp circuit schematic. ECO oscillator circuit. One-transistor phono oscillator circuit. Simple light-powered oscillator goes from 500 cycles to 2,000 cycles. Light-powered oscillator uses silicon cells. Phase shift audio oscillator used as a CPO or fixed frequency tone source. Light-sensitive audio oscillator circuit. Transistor light-sensitive audio oscillator circuit. Multivibrator circuit acts as audio or RF source. Relaxation oscillator employing light-coupling and only three components. Crystal-controlled oscillator is rich in harmonic output and can be used to calibrate and check alignment of multi-band receivers, transmitters and signal generators. Circuit for a blocking oscillator using standard parts. Test oscillator circuit uses one transistor. General-purpose audio oscillator circuit no bigger than a thimble. Powered by 1.5 to 6 volts. Multi-master. Solid-state multivibrator module is used in this tester which generates a 1000-Hz tone, richly endowed with harmonics. Can be used as a signal generator, code practice oscillator, and continuity tester. Est. cost: $5. Circuit for a wide range oscillator suitable for use from 1 to 25 MHz. Megahertz oscillator uses unijunction transistors. Circuit for an audio oscillator which will deliver a 2 KHz signal. Basic blocking oscillator circuit can serve as (1) code practice oscillator, (2) continuity tester, (3) metronome, (4) audio test signal source, (5) alarm signal and (6) basic electronic organ. A 100 MHz FET oscillator circuit. Low-voltage oscillator circuit. Circuit where switching arrangement allows wide-range relaxation oscillator to operate as (1) electronic organ, (2) metronome, (3) thermometer, (4) code practice oscillator, or (5) siren. Three circuits all use light-emitting diodes. (1) Relaxation oscillator blinker, (2) dual blinker, and (3) polarity reversal alarm. Two UJT relaxation oscillator circuits. Three flip-flop acting circuits are actually multivibrator circuits using IC op amps. Crystal oscillator circuit can be used as a BCB i-f aligner with harmonics usable across the whole broadcast band. Applications for the 555 integrated circuit timer chip described in the Nov 1973 issue (p.54). Applications include: (1) Warble alarm circuit, (2) Schmitt trigger or bistable buffer, (3) Square wave oscillator, (4) Output drive considerations, (5) Wide-range pulse generator. Circuit to control a UJT oscillator with a crystal. General-purpose audio oscillator can serve as (1) a code-practice oscillator, (2) self-contained audio source for testing microphones and loudspeaker placement or (3) as a signal in an alarm system. A look at the voltage comparator and its use in logic control and instrumentation equipment. Application circuits for a reference supply, a 100-kHz multivibrator and oscillator, and a voltage controlled oscillator. How to design solid-state oscillators, an easy-to-follow approach. Adjustable pulse oscillator circuit requires only 2 transistors, yet provides 9 octaves of frequency coverage with a single control. Use in clocks, timers, metronomes, oscillators, etc. The LM380 power amplifier integrated circuit. Has a very low output impedance and can be directly connected to an 8-ohm speaker. Can operate up to 3.7 watts with heat sink. Circuits for amplifier, intercom and phase-shift oscillator shown. Circuit for a symmetrical multivibrator with a moderate output current capability uses the 555 timer. Uses for the multiple integrated circuit LM339, a quad comparator. Containing four independent voltage comparators, it is used in circuits for (1) a voltage-controlled oscillator, (2) limit comparator and (3) limit comparator operated as a programmable light meter. Build the V-4 voltage-controlled oscillator for electronic music. Features sine, triangle, square-wave and pulse outputs. Getting acquainted with CMOS IC's which require very little current to operate. A look at a CMOS astable multivibrator and a CMOS divide-by-ten counter/decoder circuit. The monostable multivibrator. How they work and typical circuits. A review of versatile multifunction ICs, including Intersil's 8038 waveform generator, and National's LH0094 multifunction converter. Includes circuits for tone-burst generator, audio oscillator, precision multiplier and divider circuits. Using the 555 timer IC in interval timer circuits and monostable multivibrators or "one-shots". A monostable catalog for experimenters. A guide to IC monostable multivibrators which emphasizes their usefulness in practical applications. A description and typical applications of the LM339 quad comparator integrated circuit chip, including analog-to-digital interface, CMOS to TTL translation, and monostable oscillator. Circuit for a simple voltage-controlled oscillator. Experimenting with piezoelectric devices. Part 2. Piezo-alerters and crystal oscillators. Simple VFO (variable frequency oscillator) circuit can be used for audible-tone testing, driving someone nuts, or a simple electronic musical instrument. Learn about and build a Wien-bridge oscillator to generate high-quality sinewaves for your projects and experiments. Free-running, astable-multivibrator (oscillator) circuit with three different outputs. Built around a 4047 CMOS device. Simple voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit uses a 555 oscillator/timer to provide a square-wave output that varies inversely with the input voltage. Astable multivibrators (oscillators). (1) Three-transistor circuit for audio and low RF frequencies. (2) One-transistor circuit for higher frequencies. (3) Low-frequency audio-tone generator circuit. (4) Wien-bridge oscillator circuit. (5) Sinusoidal oscillator circuit. Digital electronics course. 555 monostable multivibrator (oscillator/timer). Explore a device capable of generating clock pulses or time delays whose frequency or duration is determined by an external RC network, and is independent of the supply voltage. Tone-burst oscillator circuit. Use it to drive a piezo element, modulate an FM transmitter, etc. Digital electronics course. Light-controlled monostable applications. Combining the basic monostable multivibrator with a light-controlled comparator. Digital electronics course. 555 oscillator circuits. Generating fixed-frequency pulses for use as timing signals in digital circuits. Cookbook of signal generator circuits (oscillators) that you can build. (1) Colpitts crystal oscillator. (2) VHF/UHF buffer amplifier. (3) 455 kHz-IF test/alignment oscillator. (4) AM-band oscillator. (5) Voltage-tuned oscillator. Oscillator round-up. (1) TTL crystal oscillator circuit. (2) Two-transistor crystal oscillator circuit. (3) Simple two-transistor metal detector circuit. All about sinewave oscillator design and typical applications. Circuits include a phase-shift oscillator, Wien-bridge oscillator, and Colpitts oscillator. Simple voltage-controlled audio oscillator circuit. Supercharging a 555 timer IC. Exploring the built-in voltage-controlled oscillator function. Quick oscillator circuits. (1) 1-kHz oscillator for testing audio equipment. (2) 100-kHz or 1-MHz for testing RF receiver. Two squarewave oscillator circuits. The 558 quad monostable timer. An introduction to this improved version of the venerable 555 and 556 oscillator/timer ICs. Part 1. The 558 quad monostable timer. Part 2. The 558 quad monostable timer. Part 3. Motorola MC14538 dual, precision, retriggerable monostable multivibrator applications. (1) Extended on-time timer circuit. (2) No-doze alarm circuit requires pressing reset button every 50 seconds. (3) Self-retriggering timed-on generator circuit. (4) Lamp-switching circuit to provide a delay turn-off function. Unijunction transistor (UJT) circuits. (1) Relaxation oscillators. (2) Constant-current relaxation oscillator. (3) Improved-linearity relaxation oscillator. (4) 1- to 30-second time-delay. (5) RF snooper. How to use the popular 555 timer IC in practical monostable multivibrator circuits. (1) Fixed-period timer. (2) Relay drivers. (3) Pulse generator. (4) 1-kHz linear-scale analog frequency meter. Using the 555 timer IC in practical astable oscillator circuits. Circuits based on the LM3909 oscillator/flasher IC. (1) Dual LED driver. (2) Tick circuit flashes an LED and gives out a sharp tick on a speaker. (3) Variable audio-frequency oscillator. (4) Electronic siren. (5) Code-practice oscillator. (6) AC lamp flasher. An introduction to magnetically operated, solid-state Hall-effect switch circuits. (1) Simple switch. (2) Latching circuit. (3) Hall-effect oscillator. (4) RC oscillator. Design and build a ham-band variable frequency oscillator (VFO). Use it to control the frequency of transmitters, as the local oscillator that tunes a radio receiver, or as a signal generator to perform tests and measurements on radio equipment. Part 1. Design and build a ham-band variable frequency oscillator (VFO). Part 2. Oscillator circuits based on the 4093 CMOS quad 2-input NAND Schmitt trigger. (1) Astable oscillator. (2) Variable-frequency oscillator. (3) Sinewave oscillator. (4) Oscillator range switch. Collection of 555 oscillator/timer circuits. (1) Astable multivibrator. (2) Modified astable. (3) Add-on LED dual-flasher circuit. (4) Add-on high-power dual-lamp flasher circuit. (5) DC-to-DC converter. (6) Dual-tone generator. Oscillator circuits. (1) Unusual 100-kHz oscillator built around a unijunction transistor. (2) FET-based oscillator can be made to oscillate from 1 to 10 MHz. (3) TTL oscillator operates up to 10 MHz. (4) Variable crystal oscillator operates from 2 MHz to 10 MHz. (5) Double-balanced mixer oscillator operates to a maximum of 200 MHz. (6) Very low frequency oscillator works to 50 kHz. (7) LC oscillator resonates at 500 kHz. More oscillator circuits. (1) Variable-frequency oscillator. (2) Wien-bridge audio-sinewave oscillator. Oscillator circuit produces a 2-volt peak-to-peak triangular waveform. Variable-frequency RF oscillators. Several designs shown (Hartley, Colpitts, Clapp, etc.). Circuit for a TTL-based audio oscillator outputs an audible frequency. Building stable RF oscillators. Learn how to ensure the stability of your signal-generating circuits with these easy-to-apply design techniques. Introduction to building superhet and direct-conversion ham radio receivers, frequency converters and other circuits using the Signetics NE-602 integrated circuit. Part 3. Local-oscillator circuits. All about crystal-oscillator circuits. An assortment of precision oscillators for you to build. An overview of basic oscillator circuits. Looks at both early designs and those that use transistors and logic gates. (1) Spark-gap. (2) Hartley. (3) Pierce crystal-controlled. (4) Colpits. (5) TTLs. (6) CMOS. (7) Unijunction transistor. (8) Audio feedback. An overview of basic oscillator circuits using ICs. (1) Voltage-controlled. (2) Phase locked loop. (3) Waveform generator. (4) Multivibrator. (5) LED flasher/oscillator. (6) Double balanced mixer. Relaxation oscillator circuit uses an optoisolator as the negative-resistance component. Simple tremolo oscillator circuit generates a trembling or vibrating effect. Experimenting with the 4093 NAND Schmitt trigger. Circuits include oscillator, signal injector, fluorescent-light inverter, fluorescent flasher, Morse code sender, beep-tone generator, LED flasher, and timer. Oscillator circuit to generate square-waves in the audio range. Tone-ringing generator (ringing oscillator) circuit for applications requiring a voltage level-sensing alarm indication. Neon-lamp circuits. (1) Sawtooth generator. (2) Free-running oscillator. (3) Latching circuit. (4) Dual-lamp latching circuit. (5) CMOS driver. (6) Sequential driver. (7) Breakdown-voltage matching circuit. All about audio oscillators. Part 1. Articles look at the sophisticated lab-grade type. All about audio oscillators. Part 2. All about audio oscillators. Part 3. An easy-to-build crystal oscillator that is a must for your workbench. Works with fundamental crystals from 100 kHz to 17 MHz. Has a rich harmonic output for a one-transistor circuit. All about audio oscillator applications. How the audio generator is used in nine important test procedures. Circuit for a relay multivibrator. Several circuits for a small audio oscillator to be built into an existing device. How to design analog circuits. How to use feedback. Inverting logic oscillators. 555 design program. Use your computer to shortcut those tedious 555 monostable and astable oscillator circuit design problems. Written in BASIC. Designing with digital IC's. Part 8. One-shots (monostable multivibrators) and clocks. How to design oscillator circuits. Part 1. Relaxation oscillators How to design oscillator circuits. Part 2. LC feedback oscillators. Audio oscillator (audible tone generator) circuit capable of driving an eight-ohm speaker. Use as an alarm, microphone tester, etc. How to design oscillator circuits. Part 3. RC oscillators, ways of generating sinewaves from other waveforms, etc. Includes a BASIC computer program to calculate the component values for an RC phase-shift oscillator. How to design oscillator circuits. Part 4. One-shots, squarewave, and triangle wave oscillators. How to design oscillator circuits. Part 5. Crystal-controlled sinewave oscillators. How to design oscillator circuits. Part 6. Digital clock circuits using TTL IC's. How to design oscillator circuits. Part 7. CMOS oscillators. A simple crystal-controlled oscillator uses a CMOS gate as an inverter. Making sinewave oscillator circuits. Working with monostable multivibrators. Learn how to design and build pulse generators and monostable multivibrators and how to use them in your projects. Compound op-amps. Standard op-amp circuits can easily be modified for applications requiring very high slew rates, high output currents, or output swings up to hundreds of volts. Includes voltage followers, inverting amplifiers, relaxation oscillators, 2-wire detectors, etc. Op-amp oscillators. Circuits for sine-wave, Wein-bridge, twin-T, square-wave, and several other oscillators. Elegantly simple oscillator uses a Schmitt trigger. Output is a full-supply square wave. Input is a triangular wave. Gated oscillator circuit uses a Schmitt triger and produces repeated tone bursts. Oscillators, theory and practice. Includes circuits for various simple oscillators. Circuit for a very stable, fixed-frequency audio oscillator. Construction instructions for three types of oscillator, a salt-water oscillator, a flame oscillator, and a hot-wire oscillator. | |||||||||
Copyright © by Norman Lathrop Enterprises. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, print photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior expressed permission of Norman Lathrop Enterprises, except as permitted by law. |
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