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Last Updated
03/31/2019
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Detailed entries for one subject from the INDEX TO HOW TO DO IT INFORMATION. |
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LOUDSPEAKER CROSSOVER & FILTER x CROSSOVER (LOUDSPEAKER) xx FILTER (ELECTRONIC) xx FREQUENCY DIVIDER xx LOUDSPEAKER xx LOUDSPEAKER WIRING Electronic crossovers and multi-amplifier approach. Active and passive designs for dividing the signal before the power amplifier (instead of at the speaker). Tip on using oil-filled capacitors and iron-core inductors on crossover circuits. Classic circuitry. Schematic for the Heathkit Electronic Crossover model XO-1. Classic circuitry. Schematic for the Marantz electronic crossover. Classic circuitry. Schematic for the EC-3 electronic crossover manufactured by Audio Research Corp. (circa 1973). How to take voice coil inductance into account in crossover design. Super crossover circuit features variable gain, plenty of current to drive a 600-ohm load, and an input matching stage for consistent performance. Circuit to combine the bass channels in an Old Colony electronic crossover. Big bass box. A large speaker enclosure (48" wide, 24" deep, 72" tall) incorporates a 12-ft. tapered transmission line and a 24" diameter Hartley driver. An active crossover circuit has adjustable gain and equalized response. Produces clean sound in the 20-40 Hz range. Crossover coil values. One method for measuring using a precision resistor, an audio oscillator, and a VTVM. A vacuum tube, variable frequency electronic crossover system. A dynamic range and clipping indicator uses LED's to display the results. The unit combines electronic crossovers with circuit-board versions of dynamic range/clipping indicators. Tips on locating and using the new polypropylene, polystyrene and/or Teflon dielectrics (capacitors) in crossover networks and other audio circuits. Schematic for a low level 80Hz crossover for subwoofers. Test report on the Heath AD-1702 variable electronic crossover kit. A modular electronic crossover. Features an expandable motherboard into which circuit cards containing filters or buffers are plugged. Gilding the TDA 2030. Using the TDA 2030 monolithic integrated circuit (IC) low-power hi-fi amplifier in an active-crossover speaker system to drive the super tweeter, tweeter, or midrange. Adding a 5534 op amp results in lower distortion. Two circuits shown. A phono preamp/crossover combined in one unit. A first-order, all-pass filter keeps the output in phase with the input over a greater portion of the audio spectrum. Audio components design. A systems approach. Looks at the traditional audio chain, the crossover, the preamp, and the crossover filter. Tips on improving an SAE 4000 active two-way crossover. Tips on using Linear Technology's LT1086CT (positive) and LT337AT (negative) regulators in an active crossover power supply. New approach to line amps and DACs. Design and construction of a combined line amp and crossover combination which features two dual buffers (one set for subwoofer output and the other for tape output). Also suitable for use as the analog part of an outboard DAC (digital-to-analog converter). Improving the 24dB/octave Linkwitz/Riley crossover. A bass-boosting network. Designing and testing a passive bass-boosting filter network that allows you to build a sealed-box bookshelf speaker system with an acceptable frequency corresponding to half-power in the bass range, and excellent transient response. The virtual crossover. Introduction to the theory behind computer modeling of both active and passive crossovers. Part 1. A transient-perfect second-order passive crossover. Design rules for two-way speaker systems. Inductor coupling. Measuring signal coupling (crosstalk) for various orientations and spacings of typical air, ferrite, and iron-core crossover inductors, and the effects of such coupling. The virtual crossover. Part 2. Hardware implementation using available DSP (digital signal processing) chips. The virtual crossover. Part 3. Implement a crossover for a Roger Sanders-type hybrid ESL/TL speaker. Zobel power dissipation. Technical advice concerning Zobel networks in two-way crossovers. A new crossover for the Cambridge Soundworks Model Six loudspeaker. A first-order 3-way. A relatively simple speaker construction project using first-order crossovers. Part 1. A first-order 3-way. A relatively simple speaker construction project using first-order crossovers. Part 2. Construction details. A passive, low level crossover. Crosses over at 40Hz, sums the L and R bass channels for a true center subwoofer channel, allows channel balancing, etc. Design an active transient-perfect second-order crossover. Tube-based active crossovers. Theory, design and construction. The ABCs of filters. Part 1. Electrical filter terminology, basic equations, and types. The ABCs of filters. Part 2. How to control system response in sealed and vented enclosures. How to design your own speakers. Explore the ins and outs of loudspeaker crossovers and learn how to design crossover networks to suit your specific needs. Circuit for an 1800-Hz crossover. A custom tube electronic crossover. An active crossover for a multi-amp system which combines several designs into a single custom-built system. Part 1. Enclosure and construction. A custom tube electronic crossover. An active crossover for a multi-amp system which combines several designs into a single custom-built system. Part 2. Schematic and parts list. Triode minimalist crossover. A simple, affordable tube crossover that retains the purity of a single-ended design. Electronic crossover circuit and an optional power-amplifier setup for a complete biamp project. XM1 electronic crossover network for improved loudspeaker performance. Est. cost: $18. Electronic crossover networks for hi-fi. What they are, how they work and how you can design your own. A 3-way drive system for speakers. Active crossover divides the audio spectrum for the individual drivers before power amplification. Cancel rumble with this bass-summing amplifier. May also be used an as an electronic crossover for a subwoofer power amplifier. How to design your own speakers. Why crossovers are used and how you can design one to suit your specific needs. Build a speaker protector circuit to prevent damage from overdrive, amplifier failure and switching thumps. Designing loudspeaker crossovers is easier with the help of these computer programs written in BASIC. How to determine the values for components in a two-way crossover network. Troubleshooting crossover problems in the KEF loudspeaker system. Simple crossover test box lets you investigate the effects of series padding of the tweeter by varying the resistor and capacitor values. Passive crossover networking. Information on using the hybrid Butterworth crossover design for multi-driver systems. Simple circuit boards for crossovers and dummy loads can by made using just a sharp knife to cut away unwanted copper. Phase coherent crossover networks. The design of crossover networks which have minimum phase distortion. Loudspeaker networks. An examination of aspects of networks (crossovers) recommended for use with multi-unit loudspeaker systems. The merits of series and parallel networks. An active crossover with phase correctors. Permits fine-tuning of system phase alignment from preamp to driver output. Part 1. Overall view of the principles behind the crossover. Custom wound inductors for loudspeaker crossovers. Electronic crossovers revisited. Improvement to crossover circuits is achieved by substituting the National LF351 IC or the TI TL071 IC for the old 741 IC. Several filter circuits shown. An active crossover with phase correctors. Part 2. How to measure phase angles among your drivers and how to use the crossover to align your system. Computer programs for Thiele-Small computations. (1) Calculate component values for passive two-way crossovers. (2) Calculate the db output of a T/S alignment at selected frequencies. Written in BASIC. Impedance compensating crossover. Converting a typical iron-core choke into an air-core coil for crossovers. Advice on crossover networks for a pair of SMGs and a Polk LF14 subwoofer. Proper baffling and a crossover circuit for use with the Strathearn SLC2 midrange/high-frequency ribbon drivers. Includes tips on building an arched "wing" on each side of the driver. Accurate acoustic measurement of a crossover network requires looking at the difference between filtered and unfiltered responses. Passive crossover networks. Part 1. Two-way networks. Includes BASIC computer programs to calculate component values. Microcomputer-aided driver attenuation. Computer program (written in BASIC) aids in the design of loudspeaker crossover attenuators. Report on assembling and using the MKIVF electronic crossover kit from Shadow Engineering. Passive crossover networks. Part 2. Three-way systems. Passive crossover networks. Part 3. How to actively implement two-way networks. Electronic crossovers revisited. Updating crossover circuits which originally appeared in "Audio Amateur" magazine. National LF351 or Texas Instrument TL071 ICs are substituted for the 741 IC. Using a voltmeter to check the operation of a crossover with drivers connected. Two methods shown. A low-resonance loudspeaker. A new technology for construction of loudspeaker enclosures and crossovers that eliminates or greatly reduces resonance problems. Passive crossover networks. Part 4. How to design active three-way all-pass and constant-power crossover networks. Tips on assembling crossovers by using tempered hardboard, silicone glue and eyelets (grommets). How to measure the inductance of open-air and ferrite-core coils (chokes) for use in crossovers. Tip on orienting multiple inductors on a crossover board. Tip on using a glue gun to secure components to crossover boards. Crossover component capabilities and requirements. Part 1. Current limit testing and power division. Upgrading Speakerlab's S-6 crossover. Crossover component capabilities and requirements. Part 2. Crossover voltage and current factors. Tips on building a complete speaker system around the Strathearn driver. Includes schematic for a passive crossover. In praise of active crossovers. Advantages of active (electronic) crossover networks are detailed. Report on the Audio Control "Richter Scale", a combination of a two-way electronic crossover with a low-frequency equalizer and test system. Includes tips on installation and setup. Difficulties in equalizing tweeter drivers equipped with Ferrofluid. Is driver impedance compensation worthwhile? How to test your loudspeakers and crossover to determine the effect of impedance compensation. Passive crossover networks. Part 5. Alternate bandpass circuits. Fast and easy active filter calculations for electronic filters and crossovers. Includes a computer program to calculate values for Sallen & Key filters. Loudspeaker tune up. Tips on wiring, crossover, speaker stand, etc. Minimum phase crossovers. Three useful minimum phase crossover approaches that are worth considering. Active filter design with crossover calc. Description of an available BASIC computer program to aid in the design of active filters. Report on the Marchand Electronic Crossover kit (model XM1). Odd-order Bessel filters are compared with odd-order Butterworth filters. Technique to measure inductance (and approximate Q) of chokes used in passive crossovers. Includes a simple BASIC program to perform the needed computations. Upgrading JBL L-100 speakers by installing a new crossover. The crossover was designed using the computer program which is evaluated in the same article. Designing a crossover with a response goal of compensating the response step at 30-degrees off axis. Some tips. An easy IC power amp/crossover is used to add a subwoofer to a low-power stereo or to a video system. Tweeter Q problems. An examination of low-frequency resonance of tweeters and the effect on midrange. Includes a simple procedure to modify your third-order high-pass crossover to simulate the Acoustic Butterworth (AB) crossover. Symmetrical speaker system with dual transmission lines. Part 2. (1) Electronic crossover design. (2) Adjustments and listening tests. An acceleration feedback system. Two ways to improve the problematic low-frequency (woofer) response of dynamic speaker systems. This unique DIY article also includes notes, ideas, formulas and considerations. Minimus-7 super mod. Combine a pair of these inexpensive Radio Shack speakers into a D'Appolito configuration with an improved crossover design. Cause and cure for an out-of-phase tweeter and woofer mounted on a common baffle. Crossovers for the novice. A proven approach to design and construct an effective passive crossover without the aid of computer software. Includes a glossary of crossover terminology. Magnetic crosstalk in passive crossovers. Bi-wiring modification options for existing speakers to improve performance. Tips on designing a sixth-order bandpass woofer. An in-phase second-order Linkwitz-Riley configuration crossover for the Swan IV speaker system. Tips on assembling crossovers on blank circuit board with copper clad on one side only to eliminate the need for etching. A simple passive two-piece two-way crossover network that can be daisy-chained to form three- and four-way dividing networks. Modifications for the Butterworth third-order, two-way divider network. Quasi-electronic crossover. Simple, inexpensive, purist crossover that allows tube preamp through power amp signal flow and single channel or stereo subwoofing. Real-world two-way crossovers. Step-by-step method for designing two-way crossovers with flat frequency response and good lobing behavior. Capacitors for passive crossovers. A comprehensive look at their selection and use. Circuit for a Linkwitz-Riley fourth-order crossover and the delay for one channel. Modified Marchand X 1835 electronic crossover circuit for use with the Electro-Voice Patrician loudspeaker system (circa 1982). Crossover construction tips with an emphasis on the physical assembly to provide good support of components, long life, non-interference, etc. Real-world three-way crossovers. Description of a computer program that will enable you to choose the right Q for your system. Modular active (electronic) crossovers. Includes all the calculations and schematics for building a crossover with a cutoff frequency of 2kHz for two-way and three-way loudspeakers. Reasons why a third-order two-way crossover network may not satisfy the component ratio conditions of a Butterworth filter. Time response of crossover filters. Using the combined response of crossover filters (vs. SPL-frequency response) when designing and analyzing crossover networks. Inductor coil crosstalk. Experiment investigates mutual inductance coupling as it affects inductor coils in passive crossover networks. Tips on modifying a single-channel subwoofer amplifier to lower the crossover frequency. Determining the best value to use for the resistance R in crossover design formulas. Tips on crossover design. Looks at polarity reversal, quasi-second-order filters, and large MTM-type designs with multiple drivers. How to mathematically derive corner frequencies for various orders of rolloff when the -3dB or -6dB down point is known. Driver-offset-related phase shifts in crossover design. Extensive study includes several different filter types and demonstrates the influence of phase shift on crossover behavior. Part 1. The Baekgaard crossover technique is modified to produce constant-voltage results. Driver-offset-related phase shifts in crossover design. Part 2. Build an active crossover network. The XVR-1 two-way electronic crossover platform is designed for home theaters or other applications requiring subwoofers. Est. cost: $269 (kit). Block diagram of a first-, second- or third-order crossover for three-way loudspeaker. Active and passive monophonic subwoofer crossovers are explained and compared. Squatline. A particleboard enclosure is equipped with a Dayton 8" treated paper woofer, a Peerless 1" dome tweeter and two passive crossovers (a second-order line-level [Q=0.5] and an optional third-order highly damped overlapped line-level [Q=0.353]). Capacitors. Why they matter. Outline of the differences among capacitor types and advice on choosing components for a loudspeaker crossover. Choosing the best filter coils for passive crossover filters. Quality issues in iron-core coils for a passive crossover network. How to measure coil distortion as well as conduct an effective listening test. Inductors for passive crossover networks. Third-order crossover circuit for VMPS subwoofer. Crossover filter suggestions for use with the Radio Shack Optimus Pro LX4 loudspeakers. The phase redeemer. How to significantly reduce phase distortion in crossover networks with a phase-equalization circuit. Crossovers and resistors. Using resistors for signal attenuation in crossover designs. Design concepts regarding the phase relationships in acoustic Linkwitz-Riley (L-R) crossovers. Filters: Plain and simple. A review of analog filters, the most common filter type used in audio design. Includes practical circuits for biamp and triamp crossovers for a high-quality audio system. Minimum phase, high-order filtering. Driver-selection tips and several high-order filters that make minimum phase practical. Seismic stack system. Building and driving home-theater speakers which utilize active crossover topology. Computer modeling for designing passive crossovers takes the tedium and drudgery out of this time-intensive process. Afterburner for aftershock. Build an active crossover for a single-channel amplifier that will sum a Pro Logic receiver's left and right channels. This board is packaged into an old Quatre stereo amplifier with one burned-out channel. External mounting of loudspeaker crossovers will facilitate adjustment, modification and measurement. Acceleration feedback systems. Groundbreaking work in the area of distortion-canceling feedback in small speaker systems. A new approach to single-amped feedback systems. Mating subwoofers and satellite speakers via passive crossovers. How a passive crossover affects bass directivity. Construction and use of a breadboard for passive crossovers which lets you quickly and easily test circuit configurations. Crossover breadboard is built on a piece of shatter-resistant Lexan plastic. Subwoofer active low-pass crossover. This design addresses the special problems associated with the subwoofers interaction with the woofers. Series crossover networks. A brief introduction. Piezo tweeter crossover requirements eyed. The Actipass crossover system. Description of high-quality speakers featuring a unique crossover system. | |||||||||
Copyright © by Norman Lathrop Enterprises. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, print photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior expressed permission of Norman Lathrop Enterprises, except as permitted by law. |
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