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Last Updated
03/31/2019
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Detailed entries for one subject from the INDEX TO HOW TO DO IT INFORMATION. |
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PHOTOFLASH sa PHOTOFLASH BRACKET sa PHOTOFLASH BULB sa PHOTOFLASH METERING sa PHOTOFLASH SYNCHRONIZER x ELECTRONIC FLASH x FLASH (PHOTOGRAPHIC) xx PHOTOGRAPHIC LIGHTING xx STROBE LIGHT How to determine the guide number of an older flash unit by making a series of exposures at various apertures, then making a proof sheet and selecting the best negative. Build a smart box. A timer-controlled multiple-outlet electrical box for charging camera flashguns and other electrical equipment. Est. cost: $30. How to test your electronic flash for best results when shooting color photos. Includes tips on selection of the best flash unit for your kind of photography. Tips on storing batteries, film, and strobes in the freezer to prolongue their life. Monopacks, the new trend in electronic studio flash. What is available and tips on their use. The revolution in portable speedlight units. Experimenting with electronic flash circuits. Choosing flash or continuous light. A comparision of the merits and handling characteristics of both lighting systems. Part 1. Studio and location lighting. Choosing flash or continuous light. Part 2. Multiple light sources and slide duplicating. Fill flash. Bringing back colors with strobe light. An explanation of some of the most important flash photography fundamentals. Extending electronic flash. Techniques to improve flash use and create special effects. Part 1. Dual exposure effects, rear-curtain flash, wide aperture and long range flash, fast films, complementary filters, colored/filtered flash, and multiple pops/painting. Extending electronic flash. Part 2. Bare-bulb flash, light distance, direct flash, flashmeters, polarized flash, and infrared flash. Extending electronic flash. Part 3. Stroboscopic effects, macro flash, bounce flash, fill flash, and dedicated cameras and flash. The Zen system. The magic of flash. Using flash in black-and-white photography. Super strobe light for $45. Super speed strobe light (1/10,000-second flash). Speed up a photo strobe unit from 1/1000-second to 1/5000-second by adding a capacitor to the circuit. Lightweight electronic flash features fast recycling time (under 3 seconds) and SCR triggering to protect camera contacts. Produces 58 watt-seconds input to flash tube with a 300-volt battery. Super strobe. May be triggered by sound, light, or pulse. Lighting in a suitcase. Part 3. Working with bounce flash. Lighting in a suitcase. Part 4. Strobe lighting. Understnding the meaning of electronic flash terms: ECPS, BCPS, watt-seconds and guide numbers. Wide-field flashgun is used with extreme wide-angle lenses. Three old flashguns are combined to make one gun with three heads. The flash will cover an 18mm lens on a 35mm camera up to a 65mm lens on a 4x5 camera. Est. cost: $15. How to modify a photoflash unit that uses expensive 450 volt batteries so that it uses AC current. Estimated cost: $16. New power unit will recycle in 3 to 10 seconds. Fill flash formulas. A graphical approach to fill-flash reveals (1) the correct flash-to-subject distance for a selected power ratio or (2) the correct power ratio setting. A place in the sun. Advantages of using manual flash outside the studio, so that full power can be delivered to the scene. Fine points of electronic flash. Understanding how studio strobes differ from shoe-mounted amateur strobes. Lighting for studio and location. Part 1. Monolights. Manufacturers' output-rating terminology for studio strobes are explained. Lighting for studio and location. Part 2. Power-pack systems. Lighting for studio and location. Part 3. Battery-powered flash units. Lessons in light. Excerpts from the Sinar Bron electronic flash workshop looks at color temperature and electronic flash duration. Tips on utilizing the automatic fill-flash lighting feature (in outdoor daylight photography) that is available on many modern cameras. The basics of using flash to take pictures of people. Inexpensive cardboard converter slips over an on-camera flash to bounce the light. How to use a flash outdoors to fill in shadows. Electronic circuit to flash a Zenon flash tube. Xenon flashtubes. How they work and typical circuits and applications. Xenon flashtube circuits, both single- and repetitive-flash designs. Triple-head photoflash system gives the amateur the advantages of multiple-source studio lighting. Instructions for building both a 300-watt-second and a 100-watt-second system. Guide numbers for direct flash. When and why they don't work and how to get good flash exposures anyway. Tips on using umbrella bounce strobe lighting. Short course on basic lighting for the view camera photographer. Part 2. Flashbulbs, electronic flash and tungsten lighting. Twenty-five questions and answers about strobe lights. Studio electronic flash unit uses a standard strobe, cardboard box, aluminum foil and tracing paper. Maintenance tips for flash guns. Couple an electronic flash gun with a telephoto lens to get flash pictures up to 85 or more feet away. Tips on preventing overexposure when using automatic flash. The right approach to bounce flash requires a basic understanding of the character of light and of your reflecting surface. The importance of reforming electrolytic capacitors in your electronic flash units. Tips on choosing and using automatic flash units. A complete chart of what is available, auto aperture ranges, power guide numbers, etc. A 110-volt power supply to replace the four AA cells in an electronic flash unit. What are guide numbers based on, how to avoid exposure errors, and how to increase depth of illumination. How to set up automatic multi-flash units for proper balance plus comment on the pitfalls of combining different models or brands of flash and slave units. Electronic Flash. Part 1. What are guide numbers? How to calculate your own by practical test. Simple maintenance and repair tips to keep electronic flash units operating. Electronic Flash. Part 2. Other factors to consider in getting good color pictures. Shopping for an electronic flash unit. Part 1. What to expect in power and size. Tip on extending the range of your auto strobe. Shopping for an electronic flash unit. Part 2. Why does more light mean more bulk, weight and energy consumption? Shopping for an electronic flash. Part 3. More on bulk, plus flash tubes, reflectors and associated needs. Examples of autoflash pictures taken with flash on and off camera, direct and bounce lighting. Several different units used. Convert your present flash unit to a "bare bulb" flash by means of a white plastic funnel or coffee cup positioned over the flash unit. The plastic dissipates the light very similarily to a bare bulb unit. Which electronic auto-exposure flash unit do you need and how best can you use it? One mans guide to the best in practical automatic electronic flash. Why flash? Photos and diagrams illustrate how flash can solve lighting problems and create spectacular images. Annual directory of automatic electronic flash units includes specifications and prices. Update a dependable, but spartan, older flash unit with some do-it-yourself electronics. Add a "full discharge" readylight and a slave trigger. How to use several low-cost miniature electronic flash units to illuminate a large area, inside or out. How to take flash pictures through glass, such as an aquarium, without getting a reflection from the glass. How to read and interpret electronic flash guide numbers. How to make your own guide number/ASA conversion chart. How to use flash in existing light photographs, yet maintain a "natural" look in the finished picture. How to use fill-in flash to soften shadows and reveal details when taking pictures outdoors on a bright, sunny day. Autoflash '82. Chart describes the features of over 150 electronic flash units. Tips on using the variable power adjustment on newer electronic flash units. Tip on the correct way to use bounce flash. Tips on building a real strobe unit from a kit or converting an electronic flash to a strobe with a "Multi-Flash Module" accessory. Reduce the light output of small, inexpensive flash units by installing a smaller capacity capacitor. This produces a good unit for close-up, indoor candid shots, with a fast recycling time. How to avoid getting zapped when working on your flash unit circuitry. A simple gadget to discharge a flash capacitor. Tip: How to make any flash unit with a bounce head perform like a "bare bulb" flash unit. Why settle for on-camera "direct flash" when there are simple ways of getting better results with more coverage. Three simple ways to use on-camera flash and avoid problems. How to replace a broken flash foot on your camera-mounted flash gun. How to integrate a Polaroid SX-70 camera to work with a studio flash or other generic flash outfit. When flash makes the picture. How to add impact to ordinary scenes with professional flash techniques. Tip: How to mark a lens to show the correct F/stop to use for each distance when using a manual flash unit. How to get bright, sharp and colorful flower pictures without that harsh, direct-flash look. Tips on taking flash pictures of flowers. Tips on using supplimentary flash with a point-and-shoot camera. Tip: Convert an auto flash into a manual flash by covering the sensor with black tape. Make a travel case for your flash equipment from a discarded attache case. Strobe safety. Practical tips for using today's powerful flash equipment. Cure "red eye" from a built-in camera flash by adding a separate flash on a bracket and slave-triggering it using the built-in flash. Liven up color photos of flowers by filtering your flash with orange, red, or yellow filters. Tip: Use a neutral density filter to trick your old auto flash into giving you the light output you need. Tip: Piece of film keeps flash unit from shorting out to an old-style all-metal flash shoe. Use two small flash units rubberbanded together to provide both bounce and fill light simultaneously. Test your flash unit completely with one 36-exposure roll of Kodachrome 25. Tip on keeping your flash head from slipping to the wide-angle position. Build a "switch lock" for your flash to keep from inadvertently draining the batteries. Selecting a flash system for home or commercial studio. Advice on determining how much flash power you really need. Tips on selecting the correct reflector for a given situation. Shopping for an electronic flash. Let your specific photographic needs determine your choice. Some tips. Fine tune your technique for simply, high quality, one-flash lighting. Make an inexpensive snoot attachment for your electronic flash. Some tips on avoiding overexposure when using automatic, light-measuring flash units. Some guidance on bounce flash exposures and how they defy the inverse square below. Illustrations show placement of main flashgun and extensions for a number of typical industrial scenes. A simple homemade clip, with a neutral density filter, fits over the electric eye of small automatic flash units. This allows you to vary the f-stop value of the less expensive, non-adjustable flash units. A basic discussion of the meaning of reflector angle of coverage, speed of flash, recharge time and guide numbers as they apply to electronic flash units. A brief look at the basics of auto-exposure fill-flash, adapting a sensor-eye system for fill flash, and a rough guide for semi-auto fill flash. Tip: How to determine the guide number of a flash unit of unknown output. Studio flash systems. How they work and what is available. Basic 35mm single-lens reflex photography. Part 3. Basic electronic flash techniques. Tip: Use a white card to direct some light straight forward when using bounce flash. This will prevent dark circles under peoples eyes. How to convert a portable flash unit into a studio setup, complete with barn doors on the flash, a modeling light and a reflector umbrella. The ABCs of bounce light. The advantages and applications of flash in the studio. Working with flash: The basics. Creative tips for flash. Experiments with flash lighting will help you predict how a subject will be rendered. Tips on off-the-camera flash, bounce lighting, natural light + flash, flash filters and wide-angle flash. Solve ambient/flash exposure problems by making your own light-ratio calculator from cardboard or heavyweight paper. How to increase depth of field when taking indoor flash pictures by flashing a multiple number of times. Tips on how many times to flash to attain a given f/stop and how to bracket such exposures. Basic one-light illustration. How to use one light source and a fill card (reflector) to illuminate small objects adequately for advertising photos. Includes plans for building a soft-box for your strobe. A foolproof guide to predictable flash results. How to test your electronic flash unit and standardize the placement of the light based on test results. Fifteen ways to get more out of your electronic flash unit. Tip: Use a wide-beam flashlight to determine how flash photographs will look before you take them. Tip: Soften the quality of your electronic flash by fitting a soft-drink cup over the head. 10 questions most asked when buying a flash. Sunlight plus electronic flash can result in perfect exposures both indoors and out. How to use electronic flash. A SPECIAL SECTION to help you understand some of the how-to's of this useful accessory. SPECIAL SECTION on 35mm single-lens reflex photography. Electronic flash. Through-the-lens flash. How it works and tips on its use. 35mm SLR super course. Part 4. Electronic flash. Comp book. Produce a visually stimulating photograph by painting with flash and the use of color flash filter effects. Some tips. School of photography. Lesson 5. Electronic flash. Understanding and using electronic flash. Includes setup and exposure, problems and their solutions, synchronization with available light and more. Special section: Electronic flash. Topics include lighting with one flash unit, setting up, exposure, accessories, etc. Special bonus section on electronic flash selection and use. Special section on electronic flash. Topics include principles and practice, problems, how to use it, etc. Easy-to-use small flash system combines one camera-connected strobe and a second slaved flash (attached to a clamp with an adjustable flash shoe). Ideal for quick setup when shooting on location. Taming the bright, harsh light of midday sun by using electronic fill-flash. School of photography. Part 4. Lighting and flash. Ten easy flash solutions. Using electronic flash and TTL exposure control to provide versatile lighting and special effects. Photographic's super course of photography. Lighting and flash. Ten creative flash techniques. Some tricks of the flash-photographer's trade that you can adapt for your own work. Back-to-basics. Introduction to lighting and flash. How to take great photos with a fill-flash using a point-and-shoot camera. Tips on minimizing red-eye when taking flash pictures. Ten easy flash solutions (sidelighting, backlighting, mixed lighting, bounce lighting, etc.). Ten electronic flash tips. Seven great flash techniques, both on-camera and off. Fog, smoke and haze. How to cope with them when taking flash pictures. Routine maintenance and open eyes and ears will keep your electronic flash units working. Tips on troubleshooting electronic flash. Understanding the mechanics of automatic flash and using its benefits to your benefit. Tip: How to locate the cause of flash failure. Checking the cord, hot shoe, power supply, etc. How deep is the light? Understanding "depth of illumination" when using automatic flash Bare bulb flash. When and when not to use the method, plus tips on making your own bare bulb flash unit. Tips on storing electronic flash units for long periods of time and restoring them to service after storage. Using blue-sensitive film with xenon flash illumination. Includes battery operated circuit for a flash lamp. Modifying the light from portable electronic flash. Some clever accessories overcome the shortcomings of conventional flash techniques. Fill-in flash simplified. A flash-fill ratio table enables a photographer to choose a distance and lens and then adjust the lighting. Test of the Cokin Dedicated Creative Flash system includes tips on its use. Tips on determining the duration of an electronic flash. Tip on using an automatic strobe for outdoor fill light. Tip on using flash with wide angle lenses. User test of the Metz 60 CT-4 and tips on its use. Basic information on using fill flash outdoors when taking photos in the 6-ft. to 12-ft. range. Tips on using power inverters (12-volts DC to 120-volts AC) to power electronic flash units on location. Creative electronic flash. Stroboscopic effects in rainbow colors. An easy solution to the problem of subject movement when attempting stroboscopic tracing combined with a single front flash illumination. Tips on using portable gas-powered generators to power electronic flash units on location. Electronic flash primer. Technical considerations of how flash equipment operates and the photographic effects they produce. Understanding electronic flash characteristics and studio strobe operation. Tip on using the "cumulative flash" technique to get enough light for studio exposures of non-moving objects. Fill-in light also accepts AG-1 flashbulbs to double as a regular BC flashgun. Flash tube operation and applications. Understanding and getting the most from strobes. Comparison and evaluation of mini-strobe electronic flashguns. Tricks that improve flash pictures. Transformer unit producing 6.3 volts from 110 volts AC is the basic unit in a photo flash system where 3 or more flashbulbs can be triggered for open-flash shooting. Construction and use of repeating strobe lights. Kits from Graymark and Radio Shack cost $20 and $30. How to take good flash pictures. Some tips. Using reflectorless flash. Portable electronic flash bank with a modeling lamp and four flash heads weighs 5 lbs. Use for either direct or bounce lighting. Recycles in 5 seconds. Delivers a Kodachrome II guide number of 70. Est. cost: $100. Fill-in flash indoors. Techniques for using a fill-in flash. Eight ways to better single-flash technique. How to plan your photoflood lighting setup or photoflash needs. A review of lightweight, pocket-size electronic flash units. Exposure test to determine the guide number of an electronic flash with unknown light output. Electronic flash, where it's at and where it's going. Everyman's guide to electronic flash types. Tips on shooting pictures with the new auto exposure bounce flash units. Tip shows how to use a piece of paper to divert some of an electronic flash output directly into the sensor, thus fooling the flash unit into producing a flash of very short duration. Sketches and photos show the wide range of effects possible by taking the flash unit off the camera top. Includes the use of white and black seamless paper backgrounds. Electronic flash. What to look for when you buy. How to bounce flash from auto-exposure units and get soft, pleasing results. Incandescent bulbs or electronic flash, which is best for low-lighting conditions? Some tips. How to exploit the many uses of a small flash and what to look for when buying one. Some tips. Improve your flash lighting by using two flash units, both of them off the camera. How to save your electronic-flash unit when it begins acting strange. Tips on reforming the energy storage capacitors. Tip: How to determine the guide number for a given electronic-flash unit and color film by making 8 or 9 test exposures. The Hattersley class for beginners. Basic electronic flash. What it is, how it works, and how to get the most from a single inexpensive unit. Knowledge of secondary (reflected) light sources can help you make better auto-flash pictures. How to keep flash units functioning during the heat and humidity of summer. Learn about recycling times and your ready light to get the most light from your electronic flash unit. The Hattersley class for beginners. How to get professional lighting with a single electronic-flash unit by bouncing the light off ceiling or walls. How to create color with electronic flash by placing colored filters in front of the reflector. Use an autoflash, homemade reflector, and common sense for best low-light pictures. Use your flash to get fire-fighting pictures that have pro-quality and may even be salable. A key to "available flash" photography. Description of a method for measuring bounce-flash f-stops that can be learned by any photographer whose SLR incorporates a manual-metering mode. Ten reasons why your electronic flash may fail, and how to avoid trouble. What you should know about choosing an automatic-exposure flash unit. Part 1. What you should know about choosing an automatic-exposure flash unit. Part 2. Tips on working with electronic flash equipment outside of the studio. How to test your flash unit to determine guide number and aperture settings. Some common causes of electronic flash failure and tips to help overcome them. Some reasons why your automatic-exposure electronic flash may be overexposing or underexposing. A guide to selecting and using dedicated flash. Multiple flash: the easy way to great lighting. Shoot motion using the "motion stroboscopics" technique developed by Bruce Curtis. Using fill-in flash outdoors in sunlight to control contrast. Flash is back in style. Try these exciting new ways to use flash. Second sun. Add extra spark to your outdoor photographs with electronic fill flash. Color light with low-cost filters and a small flash. Convert an old 110 flash camera into a studio fill light (hair light). How to test an electronic flash for synchronization, recycling time, guide number and coverage. Get more out of your point and shoot flash. Special features and add-ons give better light and more of it. Dedicated flash. How to buy the right one and make it do what you want. Get quality lighting from a single flash. Examples of direct, bounced and diffused flash lighting. Fill-in flash. Putting your flash to work with existing light. Special effects flash. Using long exposure and multiple-image flashing to make more interesting photos. Studio flash. Tips on designing a system within an amateur's budget. Tip: Use angled flash to reduce reflections when photographing through a window. The ubiquitous Vivitar 283 electronic-flash unit. A guide to understanding the versatility and appeal which this small amateur flash unit has for the professional photographer. Shedding light on buying flash. A buyer's guide to selecting a small, medium or large electronic flash unit. Studio on a shoestring. User test of the Rokunar Studio Pro Home Portrait Kit. Includes diagrams of typical lighting setups and tips on using this low-cost electronic-flash kit to produce studio-quality results. How to prevent red-eye when taking flash pictures. Tip on compensating for exposure when using a non-dedicated flash and a 2X lens converter. Flash on camera. How to live with the light source you love to hate. Simple, straightforward techniques are described which allow you to retain all the conveniences of on-camera (or built-in) flash while still achieving pleasant, natural-looking lighting. Tip on replacing the bulb in a table lamp (which is going to be included in an indoor picture) with a slaved flash unit in order to eliminate color-balance problems. How to bounce electronic flash light off walls and ceilings to spread and soften it. Diagrams and photos illustrate the expected results. For better indoor lighting, try small studio flash. Advice on selecting equipment, placement, metering, etc. Tips on choosing a shoe-mount flash. How to use fill flash (both TTL and non-TTL units). Tips on overcoming the wide-angle lens flash-coverage problem. Best how-to tips for flash lighting. (1) Use fill flash. (2) Choose a shoe-mount flash. (3) Get the redeye out. (4) Selecting a flash diffuser. Tips on selecting and using flash heads to achieve bounce flash when taking a vertical photo. How to use fill flash with your camera. Both manual fill flash and automatic fill flash methods are discussed. A related article offers fill flash ideas from 8 professional photographers. Tip on taking bounce flash vertical pictures by using a wall as the reflector. Advice on using dedicated electronic flash units from independent (after-market) manufacturers. How to measure flash voltage, use PC connectors, etc. Tips on when and when not to use fill flash. Fill flash cheat sheet. How to use accessory flash units with exposure compensation to get flash that blends in naturally with ambient light. Repeating electronic flash gun. The secrets of using flash for better color pictures. A short piece of fiber-optic material, attached to the electric eye of an automatic flash, will read the correct light during a bounce light situation. How to choose an electronic flash. Power supply for a xenon flash tube. Mitchell's Uniflash, a 200 watt-second flash that uses a bare-bulb flashtube (no reflector) and an AC power supply. Electronic flashgun features interchangeable reflectors and a recycle time of 2 or 3 seconds. How electronic flash works and how to make one. Convert pro flashgun to BC power. Bringing back colors with flash. A look at the difference between fill flash and primary flash in both normal and underwater photography. Using both manual flashes and TTL metering discussed. When and how to use fill flash with a manual camera (or automated cameras without the fill flash mode). Technique for use either with or without a flash meter is described. Balancing a flash with ambient light when shooting indoors. Two flash lighting equipment kits developed for photojournalists. (1) Battery-powered kit. (2) AC-powered kit. SPECIAL ISSUE on lighting techniques and products. Articles include (1) Natural studio light (tips for recreating outdoor reflections), (2) small product lighting, (3) fill flash basics, (4) simple studio lighting for b&w portraits, (5) science (temperature/color) of lighting, (6) mixing tungsten and flash lighting, (7) finding and using PF60 flash bulbs, and several articles on commercially available lighting equipment. Colorful lighting. Special effects with flash filters. Tips on photographing familiar objects using various colors of light. Creative control. Flash accessories for outdoor use and tips on their use. Exposure control. Tips on using automatic fill-in flash to improve pictures. Necessary evil. How to get the most from on-camera flashes. A studio in your camera bag. Using small portable flash units for greater lighting flexibility. Build a redeye reduction light. Press a button on this camera-mounted penlight to rapidly flicker a high-intensity lamp just before taking a flash photo. Using fill flash to improve outdoor pictures make in bright sunlight. Hot lights are cool. How to mix tungsten and flash lighting for great results. Photography ABCs. Flash photography. Part 1. Photography ABCs. Flash photography with basic gear. Comprehensive guide to buying an accessory flash for a 35mm SLR camera. | |||||||||
Copyright © by Norman Lathrop Enterprises. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, print photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior expressed permission of Norman Lathrop Enterprises, except as permitted by law. |
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