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Last Updated
03/31/2019
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Detailed entries for one subject from the INDEX TO HOW TO DO IT INFORMATION. |
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PHYSICS sa ELECTRIC sa GRAVITY sa GYROSCOPE sa HYDRAULICS sa LIGHT sa MAGNETISM & ELECTROMAGNETISM sa MANOMETER sa OPTICS sa PARTICLE ACCELERATOR sa PENDULUM sa PERPETUAL MOTION sa PNEUMATICS sa SOUND sa WIND TUNNEL xx SCIENCE Was Einstein wrong? An explaination of the theory of general relativity. Two simple experiments that demonstrate the effects of air pressure. Simulation of motion with a personal computer. Part 3. Model rockets and other flying objects. Simulation of motion with a personal computer. Part 4. Extended objects and applications for boating. Simulate physical systems using a computer. BASIC program for the PET computer simulates an ideal two-dimensional gas. Exploring ballistics with your computer. Written in North Star BASIC. Dynamic simulation routines written in BASIC. Several physics problems are explored. Electromagnetic wave propagation by conduction. An innovative theory based on fiber optic analogy. Understanding and observing complex (non-sinusoidal) waveforms. Basic electricity. Part 1. The basics of atomic structure and magnetism. Simple machines are explained. Includes the lever, block & tackle, wheel and axle, wedge or inclined plane, screw, and gears. Includes a master for an overhead transparency. Program for computing exterior ballistics. Program will calculate the remaining velocity, sight corrections, and point of impact versus line of sight. Written in SWTP 6800 BASIC. Several computer programs designed to help teach physics concepts. Written in BASIC for an SWTP 6800 system with a printer at port #7. Missile flight simulation program for the TRS-80 Model I, Level II. Written in BASIC. Useful in aerospace engineering analysis. Circuit for a meter which measures the electrical conductivity of air as barometric pressure or humidity changes. Est. cost: $9. Wave propagation and reflection. Basic physical laws of how energy waves are projected and reflected are explained. Remote sensing. Part 1. Looks at several types of remote sensing and describes the assembly of some circuits which can identify a portion of the electromagnetic signatures of various objects. Remote sensing. Part 2. Simple device measures expansion and contraction of metals with heat or cold. How to make a paper model of a rotary cylindrical wing. Eight effective physics demonstrations developed by Prof. Julius Sumner Miller to aid the teaching of physics. Physics for fun. Bernoulli's Paradox. Two simple stunts prove a famous law. A law of physics, the Joule effect, is that rubber tends to contract if heated. Two devices are shown to demonstrate this. (1) A simple pointer attached to a rubberband and (2) a Joule-effect engine which is a large disk with many rubberbands which rotates when exposed to heat. Vortex tubes blow hot and cold. Can you find new uses for this strange pipe that mystifies scientists? Includes plans for building your own vortex tube to experiment with. Gravitational waves, the counterpart of light and radio waves, are cited as a possible source of "noise" in electronic devices. Includes a simple circuit to detect gravitational waves. Surfers, bedsprings and harmonicas. An introduction to waves, one of the most common phenomena in the physical world. Looks at waves in various mediums (water, heat energy, air, and electromagnetic). Flight of the split-fingered fastball. Description of a scientific experiment in which the aerodynamics of a baseball are studied using an apparatus attached to a moving automobile. The Galilean cannon. An interesting experiment involving the elasticity of steel results in propelling cannon balls at astonishing speeds without the use of gunpowder. A traveling science laboratory. Using a bicycle to demonstrate the physics of gears, wheels, wind, friction, flywheels, etc. Make and probe vortexes in water and flame. How to photograph air currents in color. Experiments with rolling balls and hydraulic ram. Hydraulic experiment analogy to transmission of telephone signals via a valveless pump. Device for demonstrating the Weissenberg effect in high polymer fluids. Sensitive flame oscillator. Heat-powered oscillator called Trevelyan's Rocker. How the amateur can identify subatomic particles from their tracks in photos. Two mechanical devices for simulating nuclear scattering. An apparatus for simulating high altitudes and testing their effects on small animals. Fluid flip-flop operated by hot air. Apparatus for demonstrating the many effects associated with electrical discharges in a gas at low pressure. Est. cost: $10. How to construct fluid models that simulate fields of force. The fluid mapper, a versatile and inexpensive device for depicting and analyzing potential fields (such as fields surrounding magnets, electric charges, and those that arise in heat condition). Simulates potential fields by thin lines of dye that form in the flow of a sheet of water. A gauge to measure tiny changes in gas pressure. An instrument, called a microanometer, is capable of measuring a change in gas pressure as small as .00015 lbs. per square inch to an accuracy of approximately 1%. How to "sputter" thin films of metal onto glass and experiment with them. Apparatus such as telescope mirrors, beam splitters and electronic components use thin metallic films on glass. Use of photographs and oscilloscope traces to analyze how a flat stone skips across the surface of a table top, sand, and water. Experiments with various liquids that do not mix, including liquid lens, liquid pillars, and fluid oscillation patterns. Simple ways to calculate the orbits of space vehicles. How to make transistors and other thin-film devices by depositing chemicals on glass substrates. How to construct a molecular-beam apparatus for doing simple molecule-splitting and beam formation and manipulation experiments. How to make an Isotenscope, an apparatus for measuring the boiling point of fluids. Includes instructions on experiments. Five engines that are driven by the heating of rubber bands (the Joule Effect). Several experiments using schlieren photography to study the flow of air around small objects. Experiments with wind. (1) How to construct a pendulum anemometer using a celluloid protractor, a spirit level and a table-tennis ball. (2) How to demonstrate the mechanism of violent whirlwinds using an electric fan, a vacuum cleaner and a shallow pan of water. Experiments in glass fractures that won top place in the 21st International Science Fair. Article shows how to construct a device for photographing fracturing glass at high speed. How to build a clock that will determine the energy of projectiles launched by a slingshot. Relies on the principle of the acceleration of gravity. The device will require two electromagnets, a 12-volt battery and miscellaneous switches, wire, metal rods and metal bars. Cartesian diver experiment uses a Christmas tree ornament for the diver. Sound waves and radio waves are recorded on Polaroid film by means of a precooling process. Sound waves, microwaves and mechanical vibrations may be visually recorded by this process. Martin V. Sussman demonstration of Maxwell's "demon" invoked in a hypothetical experiment relating to the apparent differnces in the statistical behavior between a gas in bulk and a gas an assemblage of molecules. Apparatus and experiment to generate water droplets (globules) that float on the surface of water. A series of experiments with drops of water that float on water. Called globules, boules, or antibubbles, they are bubbles of liquid enclosed in a film of glass. How to experiment with the Leidenfrost Effect, the duration of drops of water on a hot surface, the ability of people to walk on hot coals, etc. How to conduct experiments that help explain why hot water freezes faster than cold water. How to make a basic salt oscillator to demonstrate the effect of different densities of liquid. How to simulate a perpetual salt fountain. A look at the physics lessons in a cup of coffee or tea. How to create a model of vortex motion, secondary flow, Benard circulation patterns (Benard cells) and how to modify the cooling rate of a cup of coffee. The chemistry and physics of a burning candle. How to make your own candles and a discussion of variables in the ingredients. How to duplicate Michael Faraday's 1860-61 investigation of the candle and other experiments. Experiments that demonstrate the phenomenon in which drops of liquid can be made to float on the liquid. Experiments with the behavior of three general types of non-Newtonian fluids (examples include Polyox, Silly Putty, STP Oil Treatment, Slime, etc.). A look at the bending mechanics of a falling cylindrical chimney and how they compare to a breaking pencil point. Describes a simple arrangement of Tinker Toy components you can assemble to simulate the bending. How to form water into sheets and bells with knives, spoons and other objects. A look at "rattlebacks", stones that are apparently biased toward one direction of spin. Diffusion flames, an investigation of a reverse flame of air in an atmosphere of flammable gas. A look at mixed-mode fracturing of objects and illustrations of how to demonstrate it. A scientific look at why sauce bearnaise is so prone to failure. Excerpts from two papers look at the physics and chemistry of the sauce in terms of emulsions and colloidal suspensions. Using polarized light to observe and photograph fluid flow without the need for dyes or markers. Use to view the wake of a moving fish. The amateur scientist. How to investigate the hydraulic jump, a stationary shock wave that is the hydraulic analogue of the atmospheric shock wave created by a supersonic airplane. The amateur scientist. Why do honey and syrup form a coil when they are poured? A study of pouring viscous fluids. The amateur scientist. The aerodynamics of the samara, the winged seed of the maple, the ash and other trees. The amateur scientist. Reflections on the rising bubbles in a bottle of beer. A look at the physics and chemistry of carbonated beverages. Why do particles of sand and mud stick together when they are wet? A look at the electric interactions between the water and the particles of sand or clay. Experiments in mixing two powders with different grain sizes. Also looks at the effects of frequency of vibration forces during the mixing. Experiments reveal the physical characteristics of a wobbling object, such as a coin or cylinder (bottle) that precesses as it spins. Experiments investigate what happens when water boils. Looks at heat transfer, stages of boiling, bubbles, water flow, etc. Three simple and vivid demonstrations of advanced concepts in physics. (1) Doppler shift of light. (2) Measuring Plank's constant. (3) Measuring the universal gravitational constant. Thermal oscillators: systems that seesaw, buzz or howl under the influence of heat. Includes fluid oscillator, Trevelyan rocker, and Rijke-pipe oscillator. The physics and chemistry of brewing Middle Eastern coffee in an ibrik. What causes the "tears" that form on the inside of a glass of wine? A look at the general study of circulation patterns in liquids varying in surface tension. What causes the color in plastic objects stressed between two polarizing filters? Examples of photoelastic analysis of models of various objects. Includes a camera setup for photographing the result. An analysis of the physics involved in amusement park rides, including the roller coaster, ferris wheel, Rotor, Calypso, Scrambler, and Enterprise. The amateur scientist. Experiment with a heated wire reveals a lot about changes in the crystal structure of steel. The amateur scientist. Gismos that apply non-obvious physical principles to cooking. A look at the physics behind the heat pipe (baking nails), liquid crystal egg timer, terra-cotta butter cooler, and a Yunnan pot for steam cooking. The amateur scientist. The troublesome "teapot effect", or why a poured liquid clings to the container. Experiments look at surface tension effects with various liquids and over various shape surfaces. The amateur scientist. Experiments to study "edge waves" which surround a solid object vibrating in a liquid. The amateur scientist. Experiments to study the behavior of water as a drop "meanders" down a windowpane. Includes a homemade apparatus for studying the flow of water down a slope. A homemade device for testing the scattering of alpha particles from thin gold foil. A repeat of the basic 1909 experiments by Wilhelm Geiger and Ernest Marsden, and an attempt to verify the mathematical predictions of Ernest Rutherford concerning the angular dependence of the scattering. Build an observation platform which uses polarized light to study the exotic patterns appearing in water when it is freezing or melting. An investigation of the stresses that cause cracks in various surfaces and of the systematic-nature of these "crack networks". Why a fluid flows faster when the tube is pinched. Apparatus for studying fluid flow through a rubber tube. Beading. A study of sticky threadlike substances that tend to draw themselves out into bead arrays as a result of surface tension and air pressure. Fluid interfaces, including fractal flows, can be studied in this Hele-Shaw cell. Explanation and analysis of the complex interference patterns found in the wake pattern of a motorboat. A physics analysis of the air circulation within a shower stall and its impact on a shower curtain. Experiments conducted using different water temperatures, different size stalls, etc. Physics of collisions between balls of both identical and different masses. How to analyze the "shock waves" that sweep through expressway traffic. The movements of automobiles in heavy traffic can be equated to the flow of fluids and used to study "kinematic waves". How to build a Hele-Shaw cell and study the patterns formed by air bubbles rising through a viscous fluid. Physics of blowing up a common rubber balloon. A study of the air pressure and other forces at work. Also looks at soap bubbles. A way to enjoy chaos in the privacy of your home. Build an electronic circuit that serves as a paradigm for chaotic systems. Results are displayed on an oscilloscope. Building electrical circuits that can synchronize chaos. Building two systems that exhibit exactly the same chaotic behavior. May be useful for encrypted communications. Capturing the three phases of water in one bottle. Construct a "triple-point cell" which will hold water within 0.0001 degree C of that unique temperature at which water can exist with its solid, liquid and gas phases all in equilibrium. Est. cost: $50 Detecting the earth's electricity which is generated by the thousands of thunderstorms which pummel the planet continuously. Homemade version of a field mill which uses rotating slotted metal disks to measure fluctuations in the earth's electric field. Est. cost: $50. A watery map of chaos. Colored water droplets descending through mineral oil provide a slow-motion study of chaos. A simple apparatus consisting of tubes and bottles allows an observer to witness a system's transition from predictable to chaotic. | |||||||||
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